@article {17189,
	title = {Hierarchical Layouts for Photo Libraries},
	journal = {IEEE Multimedia},
	volume = {13},
	year = {2006},
	month = {2006/12//Oct},
	pages = {62 - 72},
	abstract = {We use an annotated digital photo collection to demonstrate a two-level auto-layout technique consisting of a central primary region with secondary regions surrounding it. Because the object sizes within regions can only be changed in discrete units, we refer to them as quantum content. Our real-time algorithms enable a compelling interactive display as users resize the canvas, or move and resize the primary region},
	keywords = {annotated digital photo collection, auto-layout technique, bi-level hierarchies, Computer science, data visualisation, digital libraries, document image processing, Information Visualization, interactive algorithms, interactive displays, Libraries, Lifting equipment, Organization Charts, photo collections, photo layouts, photo library, Photography, quantum content, Silver, Springs, User interfaces, Web pages},
	isbn = {1070-986X},
	doi = {10.1109/MMUL.2006.83},
	author = {Kustanowitz,J. and Shneiderman, Ben}
}
@conference {17288,
	title = {Meaningful presentations of photo libraries: rationale and applications of bi-level radial quantum layouts},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 5th ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries, 2005. JCDL {\textquoteright}05},
	year = {2005},
	month = {2005/06/07/11},
	pages = {188 - 196},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	abstract = {Searching photo libraries can be made more satisfying and successful if search results are presented in a way that allows users to gain an overview of the photo categories. Since photo layouts on computer displays are the primary way that users get an overview, we propose a novel approach to show more photos in meaningful groupings. Photo layouts can be linear strips, or zoomable three dimensional arrangements, but the most common form is the two-dimensional grid. This paper introduces a novel bi-level hierarchical layout with motivating examples. In a bilevel hierarchy, one region is designated for primary content - an image, text, or combination. Adjacent to that region, groups of photos are placed radially in an ordered fashion, such that the relationship of the single primary region to its many secondary regions is apparent. A compelling aspect is the interactive experience in which the layout is dynamically resized, allowing users to rapidly, incrementally, and reversibly alter the dimensions and content. It can accommodate hundreds of photos in dozens of regions, can be customized in a corner or center layout, and can scale from an element on a web page to a large poster size. On typical displays (1024 times 1280 or 1200 times 1600 pixels), bi-level radial quantum layouts can conveniently accommodate 2-20 regions with tens or hundreds of photos per region},
	keywords = {1024 pixel, 1200 pixel, 1280 pixel, 1310720 pixel, 1600 pixel, 1920000 pixel, Application software, bi-level radial quantum layouts, Computer displays, Computer science, digital libraries, Educational institutions, Image retrieval, Layout, layout generation, Lifting equipment, linear strips, Permission, photo layouts, photo library searching, photo management, Photography, Quantum computing, software libraries, Strips, two-dimensional grid, User interfaces, visual databases, visual presentation, zoomable three dimensional arrangements},
	isbn = {1-58113-876-8},
	doi = {10.1145/1065385.1065431},
	author = {Kustanowitz,J. and Shneiderman, Ben}
}
@conference {17081,
	title = {Direct annotation: a drag-and-drop strategy for labeling photos},
	booktitle = {IEEE International Conference on Information Visualization, 2000. Proceedings},
	year = {2000},
	month = {2000///},
	pages = {88 - 95},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	abstract = {Annotating photographs is such a time-consuming, tedious and error-prone data entry task that it discourages most owners of personal photo libraries. By allowing the user to drag labels, such as personal names, from a scrolling list and drop them onto a photo, we believe we can make the task faster, easier and more appealing. Since the names are entered in a database, searching for all photos of a friend or family member is dramatically simplified. We describe the user interface design and the database schema to support direct annotation, as implemented in our PhotoFinder prototype},
	keywords = {Biomedical imaging, Cities and towns, Computer errors, Computer science, database indexing, database schema, Databases, digital libraries, direct annotation, direct manipulation, drag-and-drop strategy, Educational institutions, graphical user interface, Graphical user interfaces, History, hobby computing, image searching, label placement, Labeling, Laboratories, Libraries, personal information systems, personal names database, PhotoFinder prototype, photograph labelling, photographic libraries, Photography, scrolling list, user interface design, visual databases},
	isbn = {0-7695-0743-3},
	doi = {10.1109/IV.2000.859742},
	author = {Shneiderman, Ben and Kang,H.}
}
@conference {17501,
	title = {Visualizing digital library search results with categorical and hierarchical axes},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the fifth ACM conference on Digital libraries},
	series = {DL {\textquoteright}00},
	year = {2000},
	month = {2000///},
	pages = {57 - 66},
	publisher = {ACM},
	organization = {ACM},
	address = {New York, NY, USA},
	abstract = {Digital library search results are usually shown as a textual list,    with 10-20 items per page. Viewing several thousand search results at once on a two-dimensional display with continuous variables is a promising       alternative. Since these displays can overwhelm some users, we created a    simplified two-dimensional display that uses categorical and hierarchical   axes, called hieraxes. Users appreciate the meaningful and limited number   of terms on each hieraxis. At each grid point of the display we show a      cluster of color-coded dots or a bar chart. Users see the entire result set and can then click on labels to move down a level in the hierarchy.         Handling broad hierarchies and arranging for imposed hierarchies led to     additional design innovations. We applied hieraxes to a digital video   library of science topics used by middle school teachers, a legal   information system, and a technical library using the ACM Computing Classification System. Feedback from usability testing with 32 subjects revealed strengths and weaknesses.},
	keywords = {categorical axes, digital libraries, Graphical user interfaces, hierarchy, hieraxes, Information Visualization},
	isbn = {1-58113-231-X},
	doi = {10.1145/336597.336637},
	url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/336597.336637},
	author = {Shneiderman, Ben and Feldman,David and Rose,Anne and Grau,Xavier Ferr{\'e}}
}
@conference {16188,
	title = {Bringing treasures to the surface: previews and overviews in a prototype for the Library of Congress National Digital Library},
	booktitle = {CHI 98 conference summary on Human factors in computing systems},
	series = {CHI {\textquoteright}98},
	year = {1998},
	month = {1998///},
	pages = {187 - 188},
	publisher = {ACM},
	organization = {ACM},
	address = {New York, NY, USA},
	keywords = {Browsing, digital libraries, metadata, multimedia, overviews, previews, World Wide Web},
	isbn = {1-58113-028-7},
	doi = {10.1145/286498.286665},
	url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/286498.286665},
	author = {Plaisant, Catherine and Marchionini,Gary and Komlodi,Anita}
}
@conference {16195,
	title = {Bringing treasures to the surface: iterative design for the Library of Congress National Digital Library Program},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems},
	series = {CHI {\textquoteright}97},
	year = {1997},
	month = {1997///},
	pages = {518 - 525},
	publisher = {ACM},
	organization = {ACM},
	address = {New York, NY, USA},
	keywords = {browse, design process, digital libraries, dynamic query, java, preview, search, web design},
	isbn = {0-89791-802-9},
	doi = {10.1145/258549.259009},
	url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/258549.259009},
	author = {Plaisant, Catherine and Marchionini,Gary and Bruns,Tom and Komlodi,Anita and Campbell,Laura}
}
