@article {17397,
	title = {Temporal Summaries: Supporting Temporal Categorical Searching, Aggregation and Comparison},
	journal = {IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics},
	volume = {15},
	year = {2009},
	month = {2009/12//Nov},
	pages = {1049 - 1056},
	abstract = {When analyzing thousands of event histories, analysts often want to see the events as an aggregate to detect insights and generate new hypotheses about the data. An analysis tool must emphasize both the prevalence and the temporal ordering of these events. Additionally, the analysis tool must also support flexible comparisons to allow analysts to gather visual evidence. In a previous work, we introduced align, rank, and filter (ARF) to accentuate temporal ordering. In this paper, we present temporal summaries, an interactive visualization technique that highlights the prevalence of event occurrences. Temporal summaries dynamically aggregate events in multiple granularities (year, month, week, day, hour, etc.) for the purpose of spotting trends over time and comparing several groups of records. They provide affordances for analysts to perform temporal range filters. We demonstrate the applicability of this approach in two extensive case studies with analysts who applied temporal summaries to search, filter, and look for patterns in electronic health records and academic records.},
	keywords = {Aggregates, Collaborative work, Computational Biology, Computer Graphics, Data analysis, data visualisation, Data visualization, Databases, Factual, Displays, Event detection, Filters, Heparin, History, Human computer interaction, Human-computer interaction, HUMANS, Information Visualization, Interaction design, interactive visualization technique, Medical Records Systems, Computerized, Pattern Recognition, Automated, Performance analysis, Springs, temporal categorical data visualization, temporal categorical searching, temporal ordering, temporal summaries, Thrombocytopenia, Time factors},
	isbn = {1077-2626},
	doi = {10.1109/TVCG.2009.187},
	author = {Wang,T. D and Plaisant, Catherine and Shneiderman, Ben and Spring, Neil and Roseman,D. and Marchand,G. and Mukherjee,V. and Smith,M.}
}
@article {17307,
	title = {Network Visualization by Semantic Substrates},
	journal = {IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics},
	volume = {12},
	year = {2006},
	month = {2006/10//Sept},
	pages = {733 - 740},
	abstract = {Networks have remained a challenge for information visualization designers because of the complex issues of node and link layout coupled with the rich set of tasks that users present. This paper offers a strategy based on two principles: (1) layouts are based on user-defined semantic substrates, which are non-overlapping regions in which node placement is based on node attributes, (2) users interactively adjust sliders to control link visibility to limit clutter and thus ensure comprehensibility of source and destination. Scalability is further facilitated by user control of which nodes are visible. We illustrate our semantic substrates approach as implemented in NVSS 1.0 with legal precedent data for up to 1122 court cases in three regions with 7645 legal citations},
	keywords = {Automatic control, data visualisation, Data visualization, Displays, Filters, Graphical user interfaces, Information Visualization, information visualization designers, Law, legal citations, Legal factors, legal precedent data, network visualization, NVSS 1.0, scalability, semantic substrate, Terminology, Tunneling, user-defined semantic substrates},
	isbn = {1077-2626},
	doi = {10.1109/TVCG.2006.166},
	author = {Shneiderman, Ben and Aris,A.}
}
@conference {16944,
	title = {A Rank-by-Feature Framework for Unsupervised Multidimensional Data Exploration Using Low Dimensional Projections},
	booktitle = {IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization, 2004. INFOVIS 2004},
	year = {2004},
	month = {2004///},
	pages = {65 - 72},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	abstract = {Exploratory analysis of multidimensional data sets is challenging because of the difficulty in comprehending more than three dimensions. Two fundamental statistical principles for the exploratory analysis are (1) to examine each dimension first and then find relationships among dimensions, and (2) to try graphical displays first and then find numerical summaries (D.S. Moore, (1999). We implement these principles in a novel conceptual framework called the rank-by-feature framework. In the framework, users can choose a ranking criterion interesting to them and sort 1D or 2D axis-parallel projections according to the criterion. We introduce the rank-by-feature prism that is a color-coded lower-triangular matrix that guides users to desired features. Statistical graphs (histogram, boxplot, and scatterplot) and information visualization techniques (overview, coordination, and dynamic query) are combined to help users effectively traverse 1D and 2D axis-parallel projections, and finally to help them interactively find interesting features},
	keywords = {axis-parallel projections, boxplot, color-coded lower-triangular matrix, computational complexity, computational geometry, Computer displays, Computer science, Computer vision, Data analysis, data mining, data visualisation, Data visualization, Displays, dynamic query, Educational institutions, exploratory data analysis, feature detection, feature detection/selection, Feature extraction, feature selection, graph theory, graphical displays, histogram, Information Visualization, interactive systems, Laboratories, Multidimensional systems, Principal component analysis, rank-by-feature prism, scatterplot, statistical analysis, statistical graphics, statistical graphs, unsupervised multidimensional data exploration, very large databases},
	isbn = {0-7803-8779-3},
	doi = {10.1109/INFVIS.2004.3},
	author = {Seo,J. and Shneiderman, Ben}
}
@conference {17113,
	title = {Dynamic querying for pattern identification in microarray and genomic data},
	booktitle = {2003 International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, 2003. ICME {\textquoteright}03. Proceedings},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2003},
	month = {2003/07/06/9},
	pages = {III- 453-6 vol.3 - III- 453-6 vol.3},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	abstract = {Data sets involving linear ordered sequences are a recurring theme in bioinformatics. Dynamic query tools that support exploration of these data sets can be useful for identifying patterns of interest. This paper describes the use of one such tool - timesearcher - to interactively explore linear sequence data sets taken from two bioinformatics problems. Microarray time course data sets involve expression levels for large numbers of genes over multiple time points. Timesearcher can be used to interactively search these data sets for genes with expression profiles of interest. The occurrence frequencies of short sequences of DNA in aligned exons can be used to identify sequences that play a role in the pre-mRNA splicing. Timesearcher can be used to search these data sets for candidate splicing signals.},
	keywords = {Bioinformatics, data sets, Displays, dynamic querying, expression profiles, Frequency, Gene expression, genes, Genetics, genomic data, Genomics, linear ordered sequences, macromolecules, medical signal processing, Mice, Microarray, pattern identification, pattern recognition, premRNA splicing, Query processing, sequences, Signal processing, splicing, TimeSearcher},
	isbn = {0-7803-7965-9},
	doi = {10.1109/ICME.2003.1221346},
	author = {Hochheiser,H. and Baehrecke,E. H and Mount, Stephen M. and Shneiderman, Ben}
}
@conference {17314,
	title = {Ordered treemap layouts},
	booktitle = {IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization, 2001. INFOVIS 2001},
	year = {2001},
	month = {2001///},
	pages = {73 - 78},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	keywords = {Clustering algorithms, Computer science, Data visualization, Displays, Electronic switching systems, Filling, Monte Carlo methods, Read only memory, Testing},
	isbn = {0-7695-7342-5},
	doi = {10.1109/INFVIS.2001.963283},
	author = {Shneiderman, Ben and Wattenberg,M.}
}
@conference {17498,
	title = {Visualization methods for personal photo collections: browsing and searching in the PhotoFinder},
	booktitle = {2000 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, 2000. ICME 2000},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2000},
	month = {2000///},
	pages = {1539-1542 vol.3 - 1539-1542 vol.3},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	abstract = {Software tools for personal photo collection management are proliferating, but they usually have limited searching and browsing functions. We implemented the PhotoFinder prototype to enable non-technical users of personal photo collections to search and browse easily. PhotoFinder provides a set of visual Boolean query interfaces, coupled with dynamic query and query preview features. It gives users powerful search capabilities. Using a scatter plot thumbnail display and drag-and-drop interface, PhotoFinder is designed to be easy to use for searching and browsing photos},
	keywords = {Browsing, Computer science, digital photo library, Displays, drag-and-drop interface, dynamic query, Educational institutions, Filters, Histograms, Image retrieval, personal computing, personal photo collections, photo collection management, PhotoFinder, Prototypes, query preview, scatter plot thumbnail display, Scattering, searching, software libraries, software tools, User interfaces, visual Boolean query interfaces, visual databases, Visualization, visualization methods},
	isbn = {0-7803-6536-4},
	doi = {10.1109/ICME.2000.871061},
	author = {Kang,Hyunmo and Shneiderman, Ben}
}
@conference {17056,
	title = {Design and evaluation of incremental data structures and algorithms for dynamic query interfaces},
	booktitle = {IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization, 1997. Proceedings},
	year = {1997},
	month = {1997/10/21/21},
	pages = {81 - 86},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	abstract = {A dynamic query interface (DQI) is a database access mechanism that provides continuous real-time feedback to the user during query formulation. Previous work shows that DQIs are elegant and powerful interfaces to small databases. Unfortunately, when applied to large databases, previous DQI algorithms slow to a crawl. We present a new incremental approach to DQI algorithms and display updates that work well with large databases, both in theory and in practice.},
	keywords = {Algorithm design and analysis, Bars, Computer science, continuous real-time feedback, Data structures, data visualisation, Data visualization, database access mechanism, Displays, DQI algorithms, dynamic query interfaces, Feedback, Graphical user interfaces, Heuristic algorithms, incremental data structures, Information Visualization, large databases, Manipulator dynamics, NASA, query formulation, query languages, Query processing, real-time systems, small databases, User interfaces, very large databases, visual databases, visual languages},
	isbn = {0-8186-8189-6},
	doi = {10.1109/INFVIS.1997.636790},
	author = {Tanin,E. and Beigel,R. and Shneiderman, Ben}
}
@conference {17412,
	title = {The eyes have it: a task by data type taxonomy for information visualizations},
	booktitle = {, IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages, 1996. Proceedings},
	year = {1996},
	month = {1996/09/03/6},
	pages = {336 - 343},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	abstract = {A useful starting point for designing advanced graphical user interfaces is the visual information seeking Mantra: overview first, zoom and filter, then details on demand. But this is only a starting point in trying to understand the rich and varied set of information visualizations that have been proposed in recent years. The paper offers a task by data type taxonomy with seven data types (one, two, three dimensional data, temporal and multi dimensional data, and tree and network data) and seven tasks (overview, zoom, filter, details-on-demand, relate, history, and extracts)},
	keywords = {advanced graphical user interface design, Art, data mining, data type taxonomy, data visualisation, Data visualization, Displays, Eyes, Graphical user interfaces, Information filtering, Information filters, information visualizations, multi dimensional data, Multimedia databases, network data, Taxonomy, visual databases, visual information seeking, visual programming},
	isbn = {0-8186-7508-X},
	doi = {10.1109/VL.1996.545307},
	author = {Shneiderman, Ben}
}
@conference {13837,
	title = {On automatic filtering of multilingual texts},
	booktitle = {, 1994 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, 1994. {\textquoteright}Humans, Information and Technology{\textquoteright}},
	volume = {2},
	year = {1994},
	month = {1994/10/02/5},
	pages = {1645-1650 vol.2 - 1645-1650 vol.2},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	abstract = {An emerging requirement to sift through the increasing flood of text information has led to the rapid development of information filtering technology in the past five years. This study introduces novel approaches for filtering texts regardless of their source language. We begin with a brief description of related developments in text filtering and multilingual information retrieval. We then present three alternative approaches to selecting texts from a multilingual information stream which represent a logical evolution from existing techniques in related disciplines. Finally, a practical automated performance evaluation technique is proposed},
	keywords = {automated performance evaluation, Business communication, Computer science, Discussion forums, Displays, Educational institutions, Floods, Government, Information filtering, Information filters, Information retrieval, multilingual information retrieval, multilingual text filtering, natural languages, performance evaluation},
	isbn = {0-7803-2129-4},
	doi = {10.1109/ICSMC.1994.400083},
	author = {Oard, Douglas and DeClaris,N. and Dorr, Bonnie J and Faloutsos,C.}
}
@article {17104,
	title = {Dynamic queries for visual information seeking},
	journal = {IEEE Software},
	volume = {11},
	year = {1994},
	month = {1994/11//},
	pages = {70 - 77},
	abstract = {Considers how dynamic queries allow users to "fly through" databases by adjusting widgets and viewing the animated results. In studies, users reacted to this approach with an enthusiasm more commonly associated with video games. Adoption requires research into retrieval and display algorithms and user-interface design. The author discusses how experts may benefit from visual interfaces because they will be able to formulate more complex queries and interpret intricate results.<>},
	keywords = {Algorithm design and analysis, animated results, animation, Application software, Command languages, complex queries, database management systems, Databases, display algorithms, Displays, dynamic queries, Educational institutions, Games, Graphical user interfaces, human factors, Query processing, retrieval, Runtime, Technological innovation, user-interface design, visual databases, visual information seeking, visual interfaces, widgets},
	isbn = {0740-7459},
	doi = {10.1109/52.329404},
	author = {Shneiderman, Ben}
}
@article {16988,
	title = {Beyond intelligent machines: just do it},
	journal = {IEEE Software},
	volume = {10},
	year = {1993},
	month = {1993/01//},
	pages = {100 - 103},
	abstract = {The author argues that users want a sense of direct and immediate control over computers that differs from how they interact with people. He presents several examples of these predictable and controllable interfaces developed in the lab. The examples include tree maps and dynamic queries.<>},
	keywords = {Artificial intelligence, Computer aided instruction, Computer errors, controllable interfaces, Displays, dynamic queries, Educational institutions, History, HUMANS, intelligent machines, learning systems, Machine intelligence, predictable interfaces, Speech recognition, tree maps, User interfaces},
	isbn = {0740-7459},
	doi = {10.1109/52.207235},
	author = {Shneiderman, Ben}
}
