@conference {18285,
	title = {Tampering identification using Empirical Frequency Response},
	booktitle = {Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, 2009. ICASSP 2009. IEEE International Conference on},
	year = {2009},
	month = {2009/04//},
	pages = {1517 - 1520},
	abstract = {With the widespread popularity of digital images and the presence of easy-to-use image editing software, content integrity can no longer be taken for granted, and there is a strong need for techniques that not only detect the presence of tampering but also identify its type. This paper focusses on tampering-type identification and introduces a new approach based on the empirical frequency response (EFR) to address this problem. We show that several types of tampering operations, both linear shift invariant (LSI) and non-LSI, can be characterized consistently and distinctly by their EFRs. We then extend the approach to estimate the EFR for scenarios where only the final image is available. Theoretical reasoning supported by experimental results verify the effectiveness of this method for identifying the type of a tampering operation.},
	keywords = {aproach;JPEG, coding;multimedia, compression;frequency, compression;LSI, computing;security, data;, editing, EFR, forensics;tampering-type, Frequency, identification;data, image, invariant;multimedia, of, response;image, response;linear, shift, software;empirical, system;digital},
	doi = {10.1109/ICASSP.2009.4959884},
	author = {Chuang,Wei-Hong and Swaminathan,A. and M. Wu}
}
@conference {18165,
	title = {Analysis of Nonlinear Collusion Attacks on Fingerprinting Systems for Compressed Multimedia},
	booktitle = {Image Processing, 2007. ICIP 2007. IEEE International Conference on},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2007},
	month = {2007/10/16/19},
	pages = {II -133 -II -136 - II -133 -II -136},
	abstract = {In this paper, we analyze the effect of various collusion attacks on fingerprinting systems for compressed multimedia. We evaluate the effectiveness of the collusion attacks in terms of the probability of detection and accuracy in estimating the host signal. Our analysis shows that applying averaging collusion on copies of moderately compressed content gives a highly accurate estimation of the host, and can effectively remove the embedded fingerprints. Averaging is thus the best choice for an attacker as the probability of detection and the distortion introduced are the lowest.},
	keywords = {attacks;data, coding;multimedia, coding;security, collusion, compressed, compression;image, data;watermarking;, fingerprinting, multimedia;data, of, systems;nonlinear},
	doi = {10.1109/ICIP.2007.4379110},
	author = {Varna,A.L. and He,Shan and Swaminathan,A. and M. Wu}
}
@conference {13681,
	title = {The role of compressed document images in transmission and retrieval},
	booktitle = {Multimedia Signal Processing, 1997., IEEE First Workshop on},
	year = {1997},
	month = {1997/06//},
	pages = {331 - 336},
	abstract = {Document images belong to a unique class of images where the information content is contained in the language represented by a series of symbols on the page, rather than in the visual objects themselves. For this reason, it is essential to preserve the fidelity of individual components when considering methods of compression. Likewise the component level structure should be a prime consideration when ordering information for lossy or progressive transmission. We refine our work on document image compression as it applies to transmission and retrieval. We first overview the basic compression scheme, then describe a structural hierarchy which provides desirable properties for transmission. We present the results of a rate distortion experiment and discuss the implications for network applications},
	keywords = {applications;progressive, coding;multimedia, component, compression;document, compression;image, computing;query, content;lossy, databases;, distortion, experiment;structural, hierarchy;symbols;visual, image, level, objects;data, processing;image, processing;visual, retrieval;image, structure;document, transmission;information, transmission;multimedia;network, transmission;rate},
	doi = {10.1109/MMSP.1997.602657},
	author = {Kia,O. and David Doermann}
}
