@article {12834,
	title = {Executable Specifications for Real-Time Distributed Systems},
	journal = {Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science},
	volume = {203},
	year = {2008},
	month = {2008/06/05/},
	pages = {3 - 17},
	abstract = {One of the challenges in designing distributed, embedded systems is the paucity of formal, executable specification notations that provide support for both real-time and asynchronous communication. This paper describes a timed architecture design language (Timed Architecture Interaction Diagrams or TAID) that, by virtue of its formal, executable semantics, combines the benefits of synchronous specification notations with the advantages of traditional architecture description languages. In addition, TAID provides support for a variety of temporal inter-process communication (IPC) primitives as a native feature of the language, so that the encapsulated communication behavior (captured by real-time {\^a}{\texteuro}{\oe}buses{\^a}{\texteuro} in TAID) may be re-used across designs and serve as specifications for more detailed model implementations.},
	keywords = {distributed systems, Formal Methods, real-time, Simulations, Software architecture},
	isbn = {1571-0661},
	doi = {10.1016/j.entcs.2008.05.007},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1571066108003216},
	author = {Ray,Arnab and Cleaveland, Rance}
}
@conference {18237,
	title = {Joint uplink and downlink optimization for video conferencing over wireless LAN},
	booktitle = {Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2005. Proceedings. (ICASSP {\textquoteright}05). IEEE International Conference on},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2005},
	month = {2005/03//},
	pages = {ii/1101 - ii/1104 Vol. 2 - ii/1101 - ii/1104 Vol. 2},
	abstract = {A real-time video conferencing framework is proposed for multiple conferencing pairs by jointly considering the uplink and downlink conditions within IEEE 802.11 networks. We formulate this system so as to minimize the maximal end-to-end expected distortion received by all users by selecting the PHY modes and transmission time. Compared with the strategy of individually optimizing uplink and downlink, the proposed framework outperforms by 3.67-8.65 dB for the average received PSNR among all users.},
	keywords = {802.11, conferencing, conferencing;, distortion;, end-to-end, expected, IEEE, joint, LAN;, maximal, minimisation;, modes;, multiple, networks;, optimization;, pairs;, PHY, PSNR;, real-time, teleconferencing;, time;, transmission, uplink-downlink, video, wireless},
	doi = {10.1109/ICASSP.2005.1415601},
	author = {Su,Guan-Ming and Han,Zhu and M. Wu and Liu,K. J.R}
}
@article {19499,
	title = {MEAD: support for Real-Time Fault-Tolerant CORBA},
	journal = {Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience},
	volume = {17},
	year = {2005},
	month = {2005///},
	pages = {1527 - 1545},
	abstract = {The OMG{\textquoteright}s Real-Time CORBA (RT-CORBA) and Fault-Tolerant CORBA (FT-CORBA) specifications make it possible for today{\textquoteright}s CORBA implementations to exhibit either real-time or fault tolerance in isolation. While real-time requires a priori knowledge of the system{\textquoteright}s temporal operation, fault tolerance necessarily deals with faults that occur unexpectedly, and with possibly unpredictable fault recovery times. The MEAD (Middleware for Embedded Adaptive Dependability) system attempts to identify and to reconcile the conflicts between real-time and fault tolerance, in a resource-aware manner, for distributed CORBA applications. MEAD supports transparent yet tunable fault tolerance in real-time, proactive dependability, resource-aware system adaptation to crash, communication and timing faults with bounded fault detection and fault recovery. Copyright {\textcopyright} 2005 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
	keywords = {CORBA, Fault tolerance, non-determinism, predictability, real-time, recovery, trade-offs},
	isbn = {1532-0634},
	url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cpe.882/abstract},
	author = {Narasimhan, P. and Tudor Dumitras and Paulos, A. M. and Pertet, S. M. and Reverte, C. F. and Slember, J. G. and Srivastava, D.}
}
@conference {18200,
	title = {Distortion management of real-time MPEG-4 video over downlink multicode CDMA networks},
	booktitle = {Communications, 2004 IEEE International Conference on},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2004},
	month = {2004/06//},
	pages = {3071 - 3075 Vol.5 - 3071 - 3075 Vol.5},
	abstract = {In this paper, a protocol is designed to manage source rate/channel coding rate adaptation, code allocation, and power control to transmit real-time MPEG-4 FGS video over downlink multicode CDMA networks. We develop a fast adaptive scheme of distortion management to reduce the overall distortion received by all users subject, to the limited number of codes and maximal transmitted power. Compared with a modified greedy method in literature, our proposed algorithm can reduce the overall system{\textquoteright}s distortion by at least 45\%.},
	keywords = {access;, adaptation;, allocation;, CDMA, channel, code, coding, coding;, combined, communication;, compression;, control;, data, distortion, division, downlink, links;, management;, MPEG-4, multicode, multiple, networks;, power, radio, rate, real-time, resource, source, source-channel, video, video;, visual},
	doi = {10.1109/ICC.2004.1313096},
	author = {Su,Guan-Ming and Han,Zhu and Kwasinski,A. and M. Wu and Liu,K. J.R and Farvardin,N.}
}
@conference {12303,
	title = {Construction of an efficient overlay multicast infrastructure for real-time applications},
	booktitle = {INFOCOM 2003. Twenty-Second Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications. IEEE Societies},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2003},
	month = {2003/04/03/march},
	pages = {1521 - 1531 vol.2 - 1521 - 1531 vol.2},
	abstract = {This paper presents an overlay architecture where service providers deploy a set of service nodes (called MSNs) in the network to efficiently implement media-streaming applications. These MSNs are organized into an overlay and act as application-layer multicast forwarding entities for a set of clients. We present a decentralized scheme that organizes the MSNs into an appropriate overlay structure that is particularly beneficial for real-time applications. We formulate our optimization criterion as a "degree-constrained minimum average-latency problem" which is known to be NP-hard. A key feature of this formulation is that it gives a dynamic priority to different MSNs based on the size of its service set. Our proposed approach iteratively modifies the overlay tree using localized transformations to adapt with changing distribution of MSNs, clients, as well as network conditions. We show that a centralized greedy approach to this problem does not perform quite as well, while our distributed iterative scheme efficiently converges to near-optimal solutions.},
	keywords = {application-layer;, applications;, communication;, criterion;, decentralized, distributed, entities;, forwarding, infrastructure;, Internet;, iterative, media-streaming, methods;, MSN;, Multicast, nodes;, NP-hard;, OPTIMIZATION, overlay, real, real-time, scheme;, service, systems;, TIME},
	doi = {10.1109/INFCOM.2003.1208987},
	author = {Banerjee,S. and Kommareddy,C. and Kar,K. and Bhattacharjee, Bobby and Khuller, Samir}
}
@article {17969,
	title = {Adaptive real-time level-of-detail based rendering for polygonal models},
	journal = {Visualization and Computer Graphics, IEEE Transactions on},
	volume = {3},
	year = {1997},
	month = {1997/06//apr},
	pages = {171 - 183},
	abstract = {We present an algorithm for performing adaptive real-time level-of-detail-based rendering for triangulated polygonal models. The simplifications are dependent on viewing direction, lighting, and visibility and are performed by taking advantage of image-space, object-space, and frame-to-frame coherences. In contrast to the traditional approaches of precomputing a fixed number of level-of-detail representations for a given object, our approach involves statically generating a continuous level-of-detail representation for the object. This representation is then used at run time to guide the selection of appropriate triangles for display. The list of displayed triangles is updated incrementally from one frame to the next. Our approach is more effective than the current level-of-detail-based rendering approaches for most scientific visualization applications, where there are a limited number of highly complex objects that stay relatively close to the viewer. Our approach is applicable for scalar (such as distance from the viewer) as well as vector (such as normal direction) attributes},
	keywords = {(computer, adaptive, attributes;scientific, attributes;view-dependent, coherence;image-space;lighting;multiresolution, direction;visibility;computational, geometry;data, graphics);, hierarchies;object-space;run, hierarchies;triangulated, level-of-detail, models;vector, polygonal, real-time, refinement;triangle, rendering;displayed, simplifications;viewing, systems;rendering, time;scalar, triangles;frame-to-frame, visualisation;real-time, visualization;selective},
	isbn = {1077-2626},
	doi = {10.1109/2945.597799},
	author = {Xia,J. C and El-Sana,J. and Varshney, Amitabh}
}
@conference {12836,
	title = {A theory of testing for real-time},
	booktitle = {, Proceedings of Sixth Annual IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science, 1991. LICS {\textquoteright}91},
	year = {1991},
	month = {1991/07/15/18},
	pages = {110 - 119},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	abstract = {A framework for generating testing preorders that relate processes on the basis of their timing behavior as well as their degree of relative nondeterminism is developed. The basic concepts of transition systems and testing are reviewed, and timed testing, which takes account of the delay exhibited by a process as it attempts to pass a test, is introduced. The framework is then applied to two different scenarios. In the first, relations are constructed that relate processes on the basis of all timing considerations. In the second, relations are constructed that relate processes on the basis of their relative speeds. In both cases, alternative denotational characterizations of the resulting preorders are presented, and examples are given to illustrate the utility of the approach},
	keywords = {Algebra, Character generation, Computer science, Delay, formal logic, Licenses, nondeterminism, Process control, Protocols, Real time systems, real-time, System testing, testing preorders, testing theory, timed testing, Timing, timing behavior, transition systems},
	isbn = {0-8186-2230-X},
	doi = {10.1109/LICS.1991.151635},
	author = {Cleaveland, Rance and Zwarico,A. E}
}
