@article {17258,
	title = {Interactive sonification of choropleth maps},
	journal = {IEEE Multimedia},
	volume = {12},
	year = {2005},
	month = {2005/06//April},
	pages = {26 - 35},
	abstract = {Auditory information is an important channel for the visually impaired. Effective sonification (the use of non-speech audio to convey information) promotes equal working opportunities for people with vision impairments by helping them explore data collections for problem solving and decision making. Interactive sonification systems can make georeferenced data accessible to people with vision impairments. The authors compare methods for using sound to encode georeferenced data patterns and for navigating maps.},
	keywords = {audio signal processing, audio user interfaces, Auditory (non-speech) feedback, auditory information, cartography, choropleth maps, data collections, decision making, Evaluation, Feedback, georeferenced data, Guidelines, handicapped aids, Hardware, HUMANS, information resources, interaction style, Interactive sonification, interactive systems, Navigation, nonspeech audio, problem solving, Problem-solving, sound, universal usability, US Government, User interfaces, vision impairments, World Wide Web},
	isbn = {1070-986X},
	doi = {10.1109/MMUL.2005.28},
	author = {Zhao,Haixia and Smith,B. K and Norman,K. and Plaisant, Catherine and Shneiderman, Ben}
}
@conference {17101,
	title = {Dynamic queries and brushing on choropleth maps},
	booktitle = {Fifth International Conference on Information Visualisation, 2001. Proceedings},
	year = {2001},
	month = {2001///},
	pages = {757 - 764},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	abstract = {Users who must combine demographic, economic or other data in a geographic context are often hampered by the integration of tabular and map representations. Static, paper-based solutions limit the amount of data that can be placed on a single map or table. By providing an effective user interface, we believe that researchers, journalists, teachers, and students can explore complex data sets more rapidly and effectively. This paper presents Dynamaps, a generalized map-based information visualization tool for dynamic queries and brushing on choropleth maps. Users can use color coding to show a variable on each geographic region, and then filter out areas that do not meet the desired criteria. In addition, a scatterplot view and a details-on-demand window support overviews and specific fact-finding},
	keywords = {brushing, business, cartography, choropleth maps, color coding, colour graphics, complex data sets, Computational Intelligence Society, Computer science, data visualisation, Data visualization, demographic data, Demography, Dynamaps, dynamic queries, economic data, Educational institutions, geographic information system, geographic information systems, Joining processes, map representations, map-based information visualization, Query processing, Scattering, scatterplot view, tabular representations, user interface, User interfaces, World Wide Web},
	isbn = {0-7695-1195-3},
	doi = {10.1109/IV.2001.942141},
	author = {Dang,G. and North,C. and Shneiderman, Ben}
}
@conference {12197,
	title = {Domain name based visualization of Web histories in a zoomable user interface},
	booktitle = {11th International Workshop on Database and Expert Systems Applications, 2000. Proceedings},
	year = {2000},
	month = {2000///},
	pages = {591 - 598},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	abstract = {Users of hypertext systems like the World Wide Web (WWW) often find themselves following hypertext links deeper and deeper, only to find themselves {\textquotedblleft}lost{\textquotedblright} and unable to find their way back to the previously visited pages. We have implemented a Web browser companion called Domain Tree Browser (DTB) that builds a tree structured visual navigation history while browsing the Web. The Domain Tree Browser organizes the URLs visited based on the domain name of each URL and shows thumbnails of each page in a zoomable window},
	keywords = {Computer science, data visualisation, domain name, domain name based visualization, Domain Tree Browser, Educational institutions, History, hypermedia, hypertext links, hypertext systems, information resources, Navigation, online front-ends, thumbnails, Tree graphs, tree structured visual navigation history, Uniform resource locators, URLs, User interfaces, Visualization, Web browser companion, Web histories, Web pages, World Wide Web, zoomable user interface, zoomable window},
	isbn = {0-7695-0680-1},
	doi = {10.1109/DEXA.2000.875085},
	author = {Gandhi,R. and Kumar,G. and Bederson, Benjamin B. and Shneiderman, Ben}
}
@article {17479,
	title = {Using Interactive Visualizations of WWW Log Data to Characterize Access Patterns and Inform Site Design},
	year = {1999},
	month = {1999///},
	abstract = {HTTP server log files provide Web site operators with substantial detail regarding the visitors to their sites. Interest ininterpreting this data has spawned an active market for software packages that summarize and analyze this data, providing histograms, pie graphs, and other charts summarizing usage patterns. While useful, these summaries obscureuseful information and restrict users to passive interpretation of static displays. Interactive visualizations can be used to provide users with greater abilities to interpret and explore web log data. Bycombining two-dimensional displays of thousands of individual access requests, color and size coding for additional attributes, and facilities for zooming and filtering, these visualizations provide capabilities for examining data that exceed those of traditional web log analysis tools. <p>We introduce a series of interactive visualizations that can be used to explore server data across various dimensions. Sample visualizations of server data from two web sites are presented. Coordinated, snap-together visualizations (STVs) of log data are introduced as a means of gaining additional expressive power. Possible uses of these visualizations are discussed, and difficulties of data collection, presentation, and interpretation are explored.},
	keywords = {Information Visualization, log file analysis, World Wide Web},
	url = {http://drum.lib.umd.edu/handle/1903/6034},
	author = {Hochheiser,Harry and Shneiderman, Ben}
}
@conference {16188,
	title = {Bringing treasures to the surface: previews and overviews in a prototype for the Library of Congress National Digital Library},
	booktitle = {CHI 98 conference summary on Human factors in computing systems},
	series = {CHI {\textquoteright}98},
	year = {1998},
	month = {1998///},
	pages = {187 - 188},
	publisher = {ACM},
	organization = {ACM},
	address = {New York, NY, USA},
	keywords = {Browsing, digital libraries, metadata, multimedia, overviews, previews, World Wide Web},
	isbn = {1-58113-028-7},
	doi = {10.1145/286498.286665},
	url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/286498.286665},
	author = {Plaisant, Catherine and Marchionini,Gary and Komlodi,Anita}
}
@article {17125,
	title = {Elastic windows: design, implementation, and evaluation of multi-window operations},
	journal = {Software: Practice and Experience},
	volume = {28},
	year = {1998},
	month = {1998/03/01/},
	pages = {225 - 248},
	abstract = {Most windowing systems follow the independent overlapping windows approach, which emerged as an answer to the needs of early computer users. Due to advances in computers, display technology, and increased information needs, modern users demand more functionality from window management systems. We propose Elastic Windows with improved spatial layout and rapid multi-window operations as an alternative to current window management strategies. In this approach, multi-window operations are achieved by issuing operations on window groups hierarchically organized in a space-filling tiled layout similar to TreeMaps.1 Sophisticated multi-window operations have been developed to handle fast task-switching and to structure the work environment of users to their rapidly changing needs. We claim that these multi-window operations and the tiled spatial layout dynamics decrease the cognitive load on users by decreasing the number of window operations. This paper describes the Elastic Windows interface in detail and then presents a user study conducted to compare the performance of 12 users with Elastic Windows and traditional Independent Overlapping Windows. User performance was measured in terms of task environment setup, switching, and task execution for 2, 6, and 12 window situations. Elastic Windows users had statistically significantly faster performance for all tasks in 6 and 12 window situations. These results suggest promising possibilities for multiple window operations and hierarchical nesting, which can be applied to the next generation of tiled as well as overlapped window managers. {\textcopyright} 1998 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
	keywords = {hierarchical windows, multi-window operations, personal role management, window management, windowing system evaluation, World Wide Web},
	isbn = {1097-024X},
	doi = {10.1002/(SICI)1097-024X(199803)28:3<225::AID-SPE151>3.0.CO;2-D},
	url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/(SICI)1097-024X(199803)28:3\%3C225::AID-SPE151\%3E3.0.CO;2-D/abstract},
	author = {Kandogan,Eser and Shneiderman, Ben}
}
@conference {17269,
	title = {Is the Web really different from everything else?},
	booktitle = {CHI 98 conference summary on Human factors in computing systems},
	series = {CHI {\textquoteright}98},
	year = {1998},
	month = {1998///},
	pages = {92 - 93},
	publisher = {ACM},
	organization = {ACM},
	address = {New York, NY, USA},
	keywords = {design, user experience, World Wide Web},
	isbn = {1-58113-028-7},
	doi = {10.1145/286498.286545},
	url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/286498.286545},
	author = {Shneiderman, Ben and Nielsen,Jakob and Butler,Scott and Levi,Michael and Conrad,Frederick}
}
@conference {16499,
	title = {Wrapper generation for Web accessible data sources},
	booktitle = {3rd IFCIS International Conference on Cooperative Information Systems, 1998. Proceedings},
	year = {1998},
	month = {1998/08/22/22},
	pages = {14 - 23},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	abstract = {There is an increase in the number of data sources that can be queried across the WWW. Such sources typically support HTML forms-based interfaces and search engines query collections of suitably indexed data. The data is displayed via a browser: One drawback to these sources is that there is no standard programming interface suitable for applications to submit queries. Second, the output (answer to a query) is not well structured. Structured objects have to be extracted from the HTML documents which contain irrelevant data and which may be volatile. Third, domain knowledge about the data source is also embedded in HTML documents and must be extracted. To solve these problems, we present technology to define and (automatically) generate wrappers for Web accessible sources. Our contributions are as follows: (1) Defining a wrapper interface to specify the capability of Web accessible data sources. (2) Developing a wrapper generation toolkit of graphical interfaces and specification languages to specify the capability of sources and the functionality of the wrapper (3) Developing the technology to automatically generate a wrapper appropriate to the Web accessible source, from the specifications.},
	keywords = {application program interfaces, data mining, Databases, Educational institutions, Electrical capacitance tomography, HTML, HTML documents, Internet, Query processing, Read only memory, Search engines, Specification languages, Uniform resource locators, World Wide Web, wrapper generation toolkit, WWW},
	isbn = {0-8186-8380-5},
	doi = {10.1109/COOPIS.1998.706180},
	author = {Gruser,J. and Raschid, Louiqa and Vidal,M. E and Bright,L.}
}
@article {16925,
	title = {A framework for search interfaces},
	journal = {IEEE Software},
	volume = {14},
	year = {1997},
	month = {1997/04//Mar},
	pages = {18 - 20},
	abstract = {Searching textual databases can be confusing for users. Popular search systems for the World Wide Web and stand alone systems typically provide a simple interface: users type in keywords and receive a relevance ranked list of 10 results. This is appealing in its simplicity, but users are often frustrated because search results are confusing or aspects of the search are out of their control. If we are to improve user performance, reduce mistaken assumptions, and increase successful searches, we need more predictable design. To coordinate design practice, we suggest a four-phase framework that would satisfy first time, intermittent, and frequent users accessing a variety of textual and multimedia libraries},
	keywords = {Abstracts, Cities and towns, Databases, Delay, design practice, four-phase framework, frequent users, Information retrieval, Information services, Libraries, multimedia libraries, online front-ends, popular search systems, predictable design, Protection, relevance ranked list, search interfaces, search results, stand alone systems, textual database searching, Thesauri, User interfaces, user performance, word processing, World Wide Web},
	isbn = {0740-7459},
	doi = {10.1109/52.582969},
	author = {Shneiderman, Ben}
}
