@conference {14906,
	title = {Dynamic changes in motivation in collaborative citizen-science projects},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the ACM 2012 conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work},
	series = {CSCW {\textquoteright}12},
	year = {2012},
	month = {2012///},
	pages = {217 - 226},
	publisher = {ACM},
	organization = {ACM},
	address = {New York, NY, USA},
	abstract = {Online citizen science projects engage volunteers in collecting, analyzing, and curating scientific data. Existing projects have demonstrated the value of using volunteers to collect data, but few projects have reached the full collaborative potential of scientists and volunteers. Understanding the shared and unique motivations of these two groups can help designers establish the technical and social infrastructures needed to promote effective partnerships. We present findings from a study of the motivational factors affecting participation in ecological citizen science projects. We show that volunteers are motivated by a complex framework of factors that dynamically change throughout their cycle of work on scientific projects; this motivational framework is strongly affected by personal interests as well as external factors such as attribution and acknowledgment. Identifying the pivotal points of motivational shift and addressing them in the design of citizen-science systems will facilitate improved collaboration between scientists and volunteers.},
	keywords = {citizen science, Collaboration, crowdsourcing, ecology, motivation, scientists, volunteers},
	isbn = {978-1-4503-1086-4},
	doi = {10.1145/2145204.2145238},
	url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2145204.2145238},
	author = {Rotman,Dana and Preece,Jenny and Hammock,Jen and Procita,Kezee and Hansen,Derek and Parr,Cynthia and Lewis,Darcy and Jacobs, David W.}
}
@conference {17369,
	title = {Social discovery framework: building capacity and seeking solutions},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 8th ACM conference on Creativity and cognition},
	series = {C\&$\#$38;C {\textquoteright}11},
	year = {2011},
	month = {2011///},
	pages = {307 - 308},
	publisher = {ACM},
	organization = {ACM},
	address = {New York, NY, USA},
	abstract = {While journalists often portray discovery as the thrilling insight of a brilliant individual, many discoveries require years of work by competing and collaborating teams. Often large amounts of foundational work are necessary and dialogs among participants help clarify goals. The Social Discovery Framework suggests that (1) there are important processes in building capacity and then seeking solutions and (2) those that initiate requests are often as important as those who seek solutions. The implications of the Social Discovery Framework are that improved social tools to build capacity, initiate requests, and support dialog would accelerate the discovery process as much as the more visible tools for individuals seeking solutions.},
	keywords = {Collaboration, collective intelligence, community, creativity support tools, crowdsourcing, search, social discovery, User interfaces},
	isbn = {978-1-4503-0820-5},
	doi = {10.1145/2069618.2069669},
	url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2069618.2069669},
	author = {Shneiderman, Ben}
}
@conference {14755,
	title = {Verified Enforcement of Security Policies for Cross-Domain Information Flows},
	booktitle = {IEEE Military Communications Conference, 2007. MILCOM 2007},
	year = {2007},
	month = {2007/10/29/31},
	pages = {1 - 7},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	abstract = {We describe work in progress that uses program analysis to show that security-critical programs, such as cross-domain guards, correctly enforce cross-domain security policies. We are enhancing existing techniques from the field of Security-oriented Programming Languages to construct a new language for the construction of secure networked applications, SELINKS. In order to specify and enforce expressive and fine-grained policies, we advocate dynamically associating security labels with sensitive entities. Programs written in SELINKS are statically guaranteed to correctly manipulate an entity{\textquoteright}s security labels and to ensure that the appropriate policy checks mediate all operations that are performed on the entity. We discuss the design of our main case study : a web-based Collaborative Planning Application that will permit a collection of users, with varying security requirements and clearances, to access sensitive data sources and collaboratively create documents based on these sources.},
	keywords = {Collaboration, Computer languages, Data security, Educational institutions, Government, Information analysis, Information filtering, Information filters, Information security, Vehicles},
	isbn = {978-1-4244-1513-7},
	doi = {10.1109/MILCOM.2007.4455189},
	author = {Swamy,Nikhil and Hicks, Michael W. and Tsang,Simon}
}
@conference {14391,
	title = {Social Capital in Friendship-Event Networks},
	booktitle = {Data Mining, 2006. ICDM {\textquoteright}06. Sixth International Conference on},
	year = {2006},
	month = {2006///},
	pages = {959 - 964},
	abstract = {In this paper, we examine a particular form of social network which we call a friendship-event network. A friendship-event network captures both the friendship relationship among a set of actors, and also the organizer and participation relationships of actors in a series of events. Within these networks, we formulate the notion of social capital based on the actor-organizer friendship relationship and the notion of benefit, based on event participation. We investigate appropriate definitions for the social capital of both a single actor and a collection of actors. We ground these definitions in a real-world example of academic collaboration networks, where the actors are researchers, the friendships are collaborations, the events are conferences, the organizers are program committee members and the participants are conference authors. We show that our definitions of capital and benefit capture interesting qualitative properties of event series. In addition, we show that social capital is a better publication predictor than publication history.},
	keywords = {academic, based, capital;Internet;groupware;knowledge, Collaboration, friendship;friendship-event, network;actor-organizer, network;social, systems;},
	doi = {10.1109/ICDM.2006.149},
	author = {Licamele,L. and Getoor, Lise}
}
@article {18908,
	title = {Inferencing in Support of Active Templates},
	year = {2005},
	month = {2005/02//},
	institution = {Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland, College Park},
	abstract = {The primary accomplishments of this project include the following: (1) HICAP is a general purpose planning architecture to assist military commanders with planning NEOs (Noncombatant Evacuation Operations). HICAP integrates a hierarchical task editor with a planning tool. Military planners select a task to decompose in the task editor and then use the planning tool to interactively refine it into an operational plan. (2) SHOP and SHOP2 are some simple, practical planning tools based on HTN planning. Their practical utility is shown by the mergence of an active set of users, which include government laboratories, industrial R\&D projects, and academic settings. SHOP2 received one of the top four awards in the 2002 International Planning Competition. (3) The Air Force Research Laboratory{\textquoteright}s Causal Analysis Tool (CAT) is a system for creating and analyzing causal models similar to Bayesian networks. We have enhanced CAT by developing an approach to quickly generate plans that have high probabilities of success.},
	keywords = {*ARTILLERY AMMUNITION, *HIGH CAPACITY PROJECTILES, AMMUNITION AND EXPLOSIVES, BAYES THEOREM, COALITION, Collaboration, Computer architecture, COMPUTER HARDWARE, Computer networks, HICAP(HIGH CAPACITY ARTILLARY PROJECTILES), MILITARY COMMANDERS, NEO(NONCOMBATANT EVACUATION OPERATIONS), NONCOMBATANT., PE63760E, planning, probability, PROJECTILE TRAJECTORIES, TASK SUPPORT, WUAFRLATEMPO02},
	url = {http://stinet.dtic.mil/oai/oai?\&verb=getRecord\&metadataPrefix=html\&identifier=ADA431023},
	author = {Nau, Dana S.}
}
@article {17508,
	title = {Why not make interfaces better than 3D reality?},
	journal = {IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications},
	volume = {23},
	year = {2003},
	month = {2003/12//Nov},
	pages = {12 - 15},
	abstract = {Many constrained interfaces are designed to be simpler than the real world by restricting movement, limiting interface actions, and keeping interface objects in a plane. However, the strong utility of pure 3D interfaces for medical, architectural, product design, and scientific visualization means that interface design for pure 3D remains an important challenge. An intriguing possibility is that enhanced 3D interfaces might offer simpler navigation, more compelling functionality, safer movements, and less occlusion, than 3D reality, especially for information exploration and visualization tasks. Such features can enable superhuman capabilities such as faster-than-light teleportation, flying through objects, and X-ray vision. Enhanced 3D interfaces might have supernatural tools such as magic wands for instantly shrinking, enlarging, duplicating, or sending objects and enchanted environments that provide error prevention, history keeping, and programming-by-demonstration. Playful game designers and creative application developers have already pushed the technology further than those who seek merely to mimic reality. Advanced designs are marked by their support of rapid situation awareness through effective overviews, reduced numbers of actions to accomplish tasks; and prompt, meaningful feedback for user actions. This article reviews these clever enhanced 3D-design features and encourages approaches that facilitate user tasks rather than mimic reality.},
	keywords = {3D interfaces, 3D reality, Atmosphere, Avatars, Cities and towns, Collaboration, Computer displays, Computer Graphics, error prevention, history keeping, information exploration, Information Visualization, movements, Navigation, occlusion, overviews, programming-by-demonstration, rapid situation awareness, Testing, usability, user action feedback, User interfaces, Virtual reality, Visualization},
	isbn = {0272-1716},
	doi = {10.1109/MCG.2003.1242376},
	author = {Shneiderman, Ben}
}
@conference {17098,
	title = {Dynamic layout management in a multimedia bulletin board},
	booktitle = {IEEE 2002 Symposia on Human Centric Computing Languages and Environments, 2002. Proceedings},
	year = {2002},
	month = {2002///},
	pages = {51 - 53},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	abstract = {This paper proposes a novel user interface to manage the dynamic layout of multimedia objects in the Multimedia Bulletin Board (MBB) system. The MBB has been designed and implemented as a prototype of an asynchronous communication system that enables rich communication and collaboration among users of multimedia objects such as text, image, moving picture, sound, voice, Web, office document, and other files. The layout properties of the multimedia objects on a board (e.g. x-y position, size, z-order, explicit and implicit links, etc.) show important and useful information on the user dynamics occurring within a board. However, a fixed layout created and edited by multiple users may prevent users from recognizing and identifying other information. This paper resolves this problem with a novel user-controlled layout strategy made visible with dynamic layout templates (DLT). Users can reorganize the objects to extract meaningful information related to time, source, geographic location, or topic.},
	keywords = {Asynchronous communication, asynchronous communication system, Collaboration, data mining, dynamic layout management, dynamic layout templates, groupware, Human computer interaction, image, Information services, Laboratories, moving picture, Multimedia Bulletin Board system, multimedia computing, Multimedia databases, multimedia objects, multimedia systems, office document, Prototypes, sound, text, user interface, User interfaces, user-controlled layout strategy, voice, Web, Web pages},
	isbn = {0-7695-1644-0},
	doi = {10.1109/HCC.2002.1046344},
	author = {Kang,Hyunmo and Shneiderman, Ben and Wolff,G. J}
}
@article {17209,
	title = {Human-centered computing, online communities, and virtual environments},
	journal = {IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications},
	volume = {19},
	year = {1999},
	month = {1999/12//Nov},
	pages = {70 - 74},
	abstract = {This report summarizes results of the first EC/NSF joint Advanced Research Workshop, which identified key research challenges and opportunities in information technology. The group agreed that the first joint research workshop should concentrate on the themes of human-centered computing and VEs. Human-centered computing is perceived as an area of strategic importance because of the move towards greater decentralization and decomposition in the location and provision of computation. The area of VEs is one where increased collaboration should speed progress in solving some of the more intractable problems in building effective applications},
	keywords = {Books, Collaboration, Collaborative work, Conferences, EC/NSF joint Advanced Research Workshop, Feeds, Human computer interaction, human-centered computing, Internet, Joining materials, Laboratories, Online communities, Research initiatives, USA Councils, User interfaces, Virtual environment, virtual environments, Virtual reality},
	isbn = {0272-1716},
	doi = {10.1109/38.799742},
	author = {Brown,J. R and van Dam,A. and Earnshaw,R. and Encarnacao,J. and Guedj,R. and Preece,J. and Shneiderman, Ben and Vince,J.}
}
@article {12101,
	title = {A secure active network environment architecture: realization in SwitchWare},
	journal = {IEEE Network},
	volume = {12},
	year = {1998},
	month = {1998/06//May},
	pages = {37 - 45},
	abstract = {An active network is a network infrastructure which is programmable on a per-user or even per-packet basis. Increasing the flexibility of such network infrastructures invites new security risks. Coping with these security risks represents the most fundamental contribution of active network research. The security concerns can be divided into those which affect the network as a whole and those which affect individual elements. It is clear that the element problems must be solved first, since the integrity of network-level solutions will be based on trust in the network elements. In this article we describe the architecture and implementation of a secure active network environment (SANE), which we believe provides a basis for implementing secure network-level solutions. We guarantee that a node begins operation in a trusted state with the AEGIS secure bootstrap architecture. We guarantee that the system remains in a trusted state by applying dynamic integrity checks in the network element{\textquoteright}s runtime system, using a novel naming system, and applying node-to-node authentication when needed. The construction of an extended LAN is discussed},
	keywords = {access protocols, AEGIS secure bootstrap architecture, architecture, Authentication, Collaboration, Communication switching, dynamic integrity checks, extended LAN, Functional programming, implementation, integrity, Intelligent networks, IP networks, Local area networks, network infrastructure, network infrastructures, network operating systems, network-level solutions, node, node-to-node authentication, packet switching, Proposals, ramming system, SANE, secure active network environment architecture, security of data, Switches, SwitchWare, trusted state, Web and internet services},
	isbn = {0890-8044},
	doi = {10.1109/65.690960},
	author = {Alexander,D. S and Arbaugh, William A. and Keromytis,A. D and Smith,J. M}
}
