The Ouchi illusion as an artifact of biased flow estimation

TitleThe Ouchi illusion as an artifact of biased flow estimation
Publication TypeJournal Articles
Year of Publication2000
AuthorsFermüller C, Pless R, Aloimonos Y
JournalVision Research
Volume40
Issue1
Pagination77 - 95
Date Published2000/01//
ISBN Number0042-6989
KeywordsBias, MOTION, optical flow, Plaid, Statistics
Abstract

A pattern by Ouchi has the surprising property that small motions can cause illusory relative motion between the inset and background regions. The effect can be attained with small retinal motions or a slight jiggling of the paper and is robust over large changes in the patterns, frequencies and boundary shapes. In this paper, we explain that the cause of the illusion lies in the statistical difficulty of integrating local one-dimensional motion signals into two-dimensional image velocity measurements. The estimation of image velocity generally is biased, and for the particular spatial gradient distributions of the Ouchi pattern the bias is highly pronounced, giving rise to a large difference in the velocity estimates in the two regions. The computational model introduced to describe the statistical estimation of image velocity also accounts for the findings of psychophysical studies with variations of the Ouchi pattern and for various findings on the perception of moving plaids. The insight gained from this computational study challenges the current models used to explain biological vision systems and to construct robotic vision systems. Considering the statistical difficulties in image velocity estimation in conjunction with the problem of discontinuity detection in motion fields suggests that theoretically the process of optical flow computations should not be carried out in isolation but in conjunction with the higher level processes of 3D motion estimation, segmentation and shape computation.

URLhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0042698999001625
DOI10.1016/S0042-6989(99)00162-5