TY - JOUR T1 - Integrating Statistics and Visualization for Exploratory Power: From Long-Term Case Studies to Design Guidelines JF - IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications Y1 - 2009 A1 - Perer,A. A1 - Shneiderman, Ben KW - case studies KW - Control systems KW - Data analysis KW - data mining KW - data visualisation KW - Data visualization KW - data-mining KW - design guidelines KW - Employment KW - exploration KW - Filters KW - Guidelines KW - Information Visualization KW - insights KW - laboratory-based controlled experiments KW - Performance analysis KW - social network analysis KW - Social network services KW - social networking (online) KW - social networks KW - SocialAction KW - statistical analysis KW - Statistics KW - visual analytics KW - visual-analytics systems KW - Visualization AB - Evaluating visual-analytics systems is challenging because laboratory-based controlled experiments might not effectively represent analytical tasks. One such system, Social Action, integrates statistics and visualization in an interactive exploratory tool for social network analysis. This article describes results from long-term case studies with domain experts and extends established design goals for information visualization. VL - 29 SN - 0272-1716 CP - 3 M3 - 10.1109/MCG.2009.44 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Human Responsibility for Autonomous Agents JF - IEEE Intelligent Systems Y1 - 2007 A1 - Shneiderman, Ben KW - Automatic control KW - Autonomous agents KW - autonomous systems KW - Bandwidth KW - Computer bugs KW - Computer errors KW - Control systems KW - data privacy KW - Human-computer interaction KW - HUMANS KW - Robots KW - Safety KW - Software design AB - Automated or autonomous systems can sometimes fail harmlessly, but they can also destroy data, compromise privacy, and consume resources, such as bandwidth or server capacity. What's more troubling is that automated systems embedded in vital systems can cause financial losses, destruction of property, and loss of life. Controlling these dangers will increase trust while enabling broader use of these systems with higher degrees of safety. Obvious threats stem from design errors and software bugs, but we can't overlook mistaken assumptions by designers, unanticipated actions by humans, and interference from other computerized systems. This article is part of a special issue on Interacting with Autonomy. VL - 22 SN - 1541-1672 CP - 2 M3 - 10.1109/MIS.2007.32 ER - TY - CONF T1 - What Are the Ants Doing? Vision-Based Tracking and Reconstruction of Control Programs T2 - Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, 2005. ICRA 2005 Y1 - 2005 A1 - Egerstedt, M. A1 - Balch, T. A1 - Dellaert, F. A1 - Delmotte, F. A1 - Zia Khan KW - Animals KW - Automatic generation control KW - Biological information theory KW - Computer vision KW - Control systems KW - Mobile robots KW - Probability distribution KW - Robot control KW - target tracking KW - Trajectory AB - In this paper, we study the problem of going from a real-world, multi-agent system to the generation of control programs in an automatic fashion. In particular, a computer vision system is presented, capable of simultaneously tracking multiple agents, such as social insects. Moreover, the data obtained from this system is fed into a mode-reconstruction module that generates low-complexity control programs, i.e. strings of symbolic descriptions of control-interrupt pairs, consistent with the empirical data. The result is a mechanism for going from the real system to an executable implementation that can be used for controlling multiple mobile robots. JA - Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, 2005. ICRA 2005 ER - TY - CONF T1 - The effect of bilingual term list size on dictionary-based cross-language information retrieval T2 - Proceedings of the 36th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2003 Y1 - 2003 A1 - Demner-Fushman,D. A1 - Oard, Douglas KW - bilingual term list KW - Chinese language KW - Computer science KW - Control systems KW - Cross-language information retrieval KW - data mining KW - Dictionaries KW - dictionary-based information retrieval KW - Educational institutions KW - English language KW - Frequency KW - Information retrieval KW - language translation KW - named-entity translation KW - natural languages KW - Surface morphology KW - Terminology AB - Bilingual term lists are extensively used as a resource for dictionary-based cross-language information retrieval (CLIR), in which the goal is to find documents written in one natural language based on queries that are expressed in another. This paper identifies eight types of terms that affect retrieval effectiveness in CLIR applications through their coverage by general-purpose bilingual term lists, and reports results from an experimental evaluation of the coverage of 35 bilingual term lists in news retrieval application. Retrieval effectiveness was found to be strongly influenced by term list size for lists that contain between 3,000 and 30,000 unique terms per language. Supplemental techniques for named entity translation were found to be useful with even the largest lexicons. The contribution of named-entity translation was evaluated in a cross-language experiment involving English and Chinese. Smaller effects were observed from deficiencies in the coverage of domain-specific terminology when searching news stories. JA - Proceedings of the 36th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2003 PB - IEEE SN - 0-7695-1874-5 M3 - 10.1109/HICSS.2003.1174250 ER - TY - CONF T1 - New eyes for robotics T2 - 2003 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, 2003. (IROS 2003). Proceedings Y1 - 2003 A1 - Baker, P. A1 - Ogale, A. S A1 - Fermüller, Cornelia A1 - Aloimonos, J. KW - 3D motion estimation KW - Argus eye KW - array signal processing KW - Birds KW - Calibration KW - CAMERAS KW - Control systems KW - Eyes KW - geometric configuration KW - imaging KW - imaging system KW - Layout KW - Motion estimation KW - multiple stereo configurations KW - Robot kinematics KW - robot vision KW - Robot vision systems KW - ROBOTICS KW - Robotics and automation KW - SHAPE KW - shape models AB - This paper describes an imaging system that has been designed to facilitate robotic tasks of motion. The system consists of a number of cameras in a network arranged so that they sample different parts of the visual sphere. This geometric configuration has provable advantages compared to small field of view cameras for the estimation of the system's own motion and consequently the estimation of shape models from the individual cameras. The reason is that inherent ambiguities of confusion between translation and rotation disappear. Pairs of cameras may also be arranged in multiple stereo configurations which provide additional advantages for segmentation. Algorithms for the calibration of the system and the 3D motion estimation are provided. JA - 2003 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, 2003. (IROS 2003). Proceedings PB - IEEE VL - 1 SN - 0-7803-7860-1 M3 - 10.1109/IROS.2003.1250761 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Active Harmony: Towards Automated Performance Tuning T2 - Supercomputing, ACM/IEEE 2002 Conference Y1 - 2002 A1 - Tapus, C. A1 - I-Hsin Chung A1 - Hollingsworth, Jeffrey K KW - Application software KW - Automatic control KW - Computational modeling KW - Computer science KW - Computerized monitoring KW - Control systems KW - grid computing KW - Runtime library KW - software libraries KW - Specification languages AB - In this paper, we present the Active Harmony automated runtime tuning system. We describe the interface used by programs to make applications tunable. We present the Library Specification Layer which helps program library developers expose multiple variations of the same API using different algorithms.The Library Specification Language helps to select the most appropriate program library to tune the overall performance. We also present the optimization algorithm used to adjust parameters in the application and the libraries. Finally, we present results that show how the system is able to tune several real applications. The automated tuning system is able to tune the application parameers to within a few percent of the best value after evaluating only 11 out of over 1,700 possible configurations. JA - Supercomputing, ACM/IEEE 2002 Conference PB - IEEE SN - 0-7695-1524-X M3 - 10.1109/SC.2002.10062 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Smart videoconferencing T2 - 2000 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, 2000. ICME 2000 Y1 - 2000 A1 - Zotkin,Dmitry N A1 - Duraiswami, Ramani A1 - Philomin,V. A1 - Davis, Larry S. KW - acoustical processing KW - Automatic control KW - CAMERAS KW - computerised control KW - control software KW - Control systems KW - Intelligent sensors KW - Layout KW - Microphones KW - multi-camera multi-microphone set-up KW - multimedia systems KW - Protocols KW - prototype implementation KW - Prototypes KW - sensor fusion KW - smart videoconferencing KW - Switches KW - Teleconferencing KW - unattended videoconferencing KW - video processing AB - The combination of acoustical and video processing to achieve a smart audio and video feed from a set of N microphones and M cameras is a task that might conventionally be accomplished by camera persons and control room staff. However, in the context of videoconferencing, this process needs to be performed by control software. We discuss the use of a multi-camera multi-microphone set-up for unattended videoconferencing, and present details of a prototype implementation being developed JA - 2000 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, 2000. ICME 2000 PB - IEEE VL - 3 SN - 0-7803-6536-4 M3 - 10.1109/ICME.2000.871075 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Timing Requirements for Time-Driven Systems Using Augmented Petri Nets JF - IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering Y1 - 1983 A1 - Coolahan,J. E. A1 - Roussopoulos, Nick KW - Application software KW - Concurrent computing KW - Control systems KW - Embedded computing KW - Embedded system KW - Helium KW - Modeling methodology KW - performance specifications KW - Petri nets KW - Power system modeling KW - Real time systems KW - real-time systems KW - Timing KW - timing requirements AB - A methodology for the statement of timing requirements is presented for a class of embedded computer systems. The notion of a "time-driven" system is introduced which is formalized using a Petri net model augmented with timing information. Several subclasses of time-driven systems are defined with increasing levels of complexity. By deriving the conditions under which the Petri net model can be proven to be safe in the presence of time, timing requirements for modules in the system can be obtained. Analytical techniques are developed for proving safeness in the presence of time for the net constructions used in the defined subclasses of time-driven systems. VL - SE-9 SN - 0098-5589 CP - 5 M3 - 10.1109/TSE.1983.235261 ER -