TY - Generic T1 - Deep-learning-assisted visualization for live-cell images T2 - IEEE International Conference on Image Processing Y1 - 2017 A1 - Hsueh-Chien Cheng A1 - Cardone, Antonio A1 - Krokos, Eric A1 - Stoica, Bogdan A1 - Faden, Alan A1 - Varshney, Amitabh KW - deep learning KW - live-cell images KW - Visualization AB - Analyzing live-cell images is particularly challenging because cells move at the same time they undergo systematic changes. Visually inspecting live-cell images therefore involves simultaneously tracking individual cells and detecting relevant spatio-temporal changes. The high cognitive burden of such a complex task makes this kind of analysis inefficient and error-prone. In this paper we describe a deep-learning-assisted visualization based on automatically derived high-level features to identify target cell changes in live-cell images. Applying a novel user-mediated color assignment scheme that maps abstract features into corresponding colors, we create color-based visual annotations that facilitate visual reasoning and analysis of complex time varying live-cell imagery datasets. The visual representations can be used to study temporal changes in cells, such as the morphological changes in cell at various stages of life cycle. JA - IEEE International Conference on Image Processing PB - IEEE CY - Beijing, China ER - TY - CONF T1 - A Dive into Online Community Properties T2 - CSCW '11 Y1 - 2011 A1 - Wagstrom, Patrick A1 - Martino, Jacquelyn A1 - von Kaenel, Juerg A1 - Marshini Chetty A1 - Thomas, John A1 - Jones, Lauretta KW - enterprise KW - Online communities KW - Taxonomy KW - Visualization AB - As digital communities grow in size their feature sets also grow with them. Different users have different experiences with the same tools and communities. Enterprises and other organizations seeking to leverage these communities need a straightforward way to analyze and compare a variety of salient attributes of these communities. We describe a taxonomy and tool for crowd-sourcing user based evaluations of enterprise relevant attributes of digital communities and present the results of a small scale study on its usefulness and stability across multiple raters. JA - CSCW '11 T3 - CSCW '11 PB - ACM SN - 978-1-4503-0556-3 UR - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1958824.1958955 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Evaluating visual and statistical exploration of scientific literature networks T2 - 2011 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing (VL/HCC) Y1 - 2011 A1 - Gove,R. A1 - Dunne,C. A1 - Shneiderman, Ben A1 - Klavans,J. A1 - Dorr, Bonnie J KW - abstracting KW - academic literature KW - action science explorer KW - automatic clustering KW - citation analysis KW - citation network visualization KW - Communities KW - Context KW - custom exploration goal KW - Data visualization KW - Databases KW - Document filtering KW - document handling KW - document ranking KW - easy-to-understand metrics KW - empirical evaluation KW - Google KW - Graphical user interfaces KW - Information filtering KW - Information Visualization KW - Libraries KW - literature exploration KW - network statistics KW - paper filtering KW - paper ranking KW - scientific literature network KW - statistical exploration KW - summarization technique KW - user-defined tasks KW - visual exploration KW - Visualization AB - Action Science Explorer (ASE) is a tool designed to support users in rapidly generating readily consumable summaries of academic literature. It uses citation network visualization, ranking and filtering papers by network statistics, and automatic clustering and summarization techniques. We describe how early formative evaluations of ASE led to a mature system evaluation, consisting of an in-depth empirical evaluation with four domain experts. The evaluation tasks were of two types: predefined tasks to test system performance in common scenarios, and user-defined tasks to test the system's usefulness for custom exploration goals. The primary contribution of this paper is a validation of the ASE design and recommendations to provide: easy-to-understand metrics for ranking and filtering documents, user control over which document sets to explore, and overviews of the document set in coordinated views along with details-on-demand of specific papers. We contribute a taxonomy of features for literature search and exploration tools and describe exploration goals identified by our participants. JA - 2011 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing (VL/HCC) PB - IEEE SN - 978-1-4577-1246-3 M3 - 10.1109/VLHCC.2011.6070403 ER - TY - MGZN T1 - Graph Analytics-Lessons Learned and Challenges Ahead Y1 - 2011 A1 - Wong,Pak Chung A1 - Chen,Chaomei A1 - Gorg,Carsten A1 - Shneiderman, Ben A1 - Stasko,John A1 - Thomas,Jim KW - citation analysis KW - citespace KW - Computer Graphics KW - document analysis KW - graphics and multimedia KW - greengrid KW - jigsaw system KW - modeling KW - power grid analysis KW - semantic substrates KW - simulation KW - social networks KW - text analysis KW - Visualization AB - Graph analytics is one of the most influential and important R&D topics in the visual analytics community. Researchers with diverse backgrounds from information visualization, human-computer interaction, computer graphics, graph drawing, and data mining have pursued graph analytics from scientific, technical, and social approaches. These studies have addressed both distinct and common challenges. Past successes and mistakes can provide valuable lessons for revising the research agenda. In this article, six researchers from four academic and research institutes identify graph analytics' fundamental challenges and present both insightful lessons learned from their experience and good practices in graph analytics research. The goal is to critically assess those lessons and shed light on how they can stimulate research and draw attention to grand challenges for graph analytics. The article also establishes principles that could lead to measurable standards and criteria for research. JA - IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications VL - 31 SN - 0272-1716 CP - 5 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Group-in-a-Box Layout for Multi-faceted Analysis of Communities T2 - Privacy, Security, Risk and Trust (PASSAT), 2011 IEEE Third International Conference on and 2011 IEEE Third International Confernece on Social Computing (SocialCom) Y1 - 2011 A1 - Rodrigues,E.M. A1 - Milic-Frayling,N. A1 - Smith,M. A1 - Shneiderman, Ben A1 - Hansen,D. KW - Algorithm design and analysis KW - category based social graph partitions KW - clustered graphs KW - clustering KW - Clustering algorithms KW - Communities KW - data visualisation KW - force-directed KW - gender KW - geographic location KW - graph layout algorithms KW - graph theory KW - group-in-a-box KW - group-in-a-box layout KW - Image edge detection KW - Layout KW - meta-layout KW - multifaceted community analysis KW - network subgraph visualization KW - network visualization KW - pattern clustering KW - profession KW - semantic substrates KW - Social network services KW - social networking (online) KW - social networks KW - treemap space filling technique KW - Visualization AB - Communities in social networks emerge from interactions among individuals and can be analyzed through a combination of clustering and graph layout algorithms. These approaches result in 2D or 3D visualizations of clustered graphs, with groups of vertices representing individuals that form a community. However, in many instances the vertices have attributes that divide individuals into distinct categories such as gender, profession, geographic location, and similar. It is often important to investigate what categories of individuals comprise each community and vice-versa, how the community structures associate the individuals from the same category. Currently, there are no effective methods for analyzing both the community structure and the category-based partitions of social graphs. We propose Group-In-a-Box (GIB), a meta-layout for clustered graphs that enables multi-faceted analysis of networks. It uses the tree map space filling technique to display each graph cluster or category group within its own box, sized according to the number of vertices therein. GIB optimizes visualization of the network sub-graphs, providing a semantic substrate for category-based and cluster-based partitions of social graphs. We illustrate the application of GIB to multi-faceted analysis of real social networks and discuss desirable properties of GIB using synthetic datasets. JA - Privacy, Security, Risk and Trust (PASSAT), 2011 IEEE Third International Conference on and 2011 IEEE Third International Confernece on Social Computing (SocialCom) PB - IEEE SN - 978-1-4577-1931-8 M3 - 10.1109/PASSAT/SocialCom.2011.139 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Research Directions in Data Wrangling: Visualizations and Transformations for Usable and Credible Data JF - Information VisualizationInformation Visualization Y1 - 2011 A1 - Kandel,Sean A1 - Heer,Jeffrey A1 - Plaisant, Catherine A1 - Kennedy,Jessie A1 - Van Ham,Frank A1 - Riche,Nathalie Henry A1 - Weaver,Chris A1 - Lee,Bongshin A1 - Brodbeck,Dominique A1 - Buono,Paolo KW - data cleaning KW - data quality KW - data transformation KW - Uncertainty KW - Visualization AB - In spite of advances in technologies for working with data, analysts still spend an inordinate amount of time diagnosing data quality issues and manipulating data into a usable form. This process of ‘data wrangling’ often constitutes the most tedious and time-consuming aspect of analysis. Though data cleaning and integration arelongstanding issues in the database community, relatively little research has explored how interactive visualization can advance the state of the art. In this article, we review the challenges and opportunities associated with addressing data quality issues. We argue that analysts might more effectively wrangle data through new interactive systems that integrate data verification, transformation, and visualization. We identify a number of outstanding research questions, including how appropriate visual encodings can facilitate apprehension of missing data, discrepant values, and uncertainty; how interactive visualizations might facilitate data transform specification; and how recorded provenance and social interaction might enable wider reuse, verification, and modification of data transformations. VL - 10 SN - 1473-8716, 1473-8724 UR - http://ivi.sagepub.com/content/10/4/271 CP - 4 M3 - 10.1177/1473871611415994 ER - TY - CONF T1 - TreeVersity: Comparing tree structures by topology and node's attributes differences T2 - 2011 IEEE Conference on Visual Analytics Science and Technology (VAST) Y1 - 2011 A1 - Gomez,J.A.G. A1 - Buck-Coleman,A. A1 - Plaisant, Catherine A1 - Shneiderman, Ben KW - Computer science KW - data classification KW - Data visualization KW - Educational institutions KW - hierarchy KW - Image color analysis KW - LifeFlow KW - node attributes differences KW - Pattern classification KW - structural changes KW - Topology KW - topology attributes differences KW - traffic agencies KW - tree structures comparison KW - trees (mathematics) KW - TreeVersity KW - Vegetation KW - Visualization AB - It is common to classify data in hierarchies, they provide a comprehensible way of understanding big amounts of data. From budgets to organizational charts or even the stock market, trees are everywhere and people find them easy to use. However when analysts need to compare two versions of the same tree structure, or two related taxonomies, the task is not so easy. Much work has been done on this topic, but almost all of it has been restricted to either compare the trees by topology, or by the node attribute values. With this project we are proposing TreeVersity, a framework for comparing tree structures, both by structural changes and by differences in the node attributes. This paper is based on our previous work on comparing traffic agencies using LifeFlow [1, 2] and on a first prototype of TreeVersity. JA - 2011 IEEE Conference on Visual Analytics Science and Technology (VAST) PB - IEEE SN - 978-1-4673-0015-5 M3 - 10.1109/VAST.2011.6102471 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Visual Analysis of Temporal Trends in Social Networks Using Edge Color Coding and Metric Timelines T2 - Privacy, Security, Risk and Trust (PASSAT), 2011 IEEE Third International Conference on and 2011 IEEE Third International Confernece on Social Computing (SocialCom) Y1 - 2011 A1 - Khurana,U. A1 - Nguyen,Viet-An A1 - Hsueh-Chien Cheng A1 - Ahn,Jae-wook A1 - Chen,Xi A1 - Shneiderman, Ben KW - Color KW - computer scientists KW - data analysts KW - data visualisation KW - Data visualization KW - dynamic social network KW - dynamic timeslider KW - edge color coding KW - excel sheet KW - Image coding KW - image colour analysis KW - Layout KW - measurement KW - metric timelines KW - Microsoft excel KW - multiple graph metrics KW - Net EvViz KW - network components KW - network layout KW - network visualization tool KW - NodeXL template KW - social networking (online) KW - temporal trends KW - Twitter KW - Visualization AB - We present Net EvViz, a visualization tool for analysis and exploration of a dynamic social network. There are plenty of visual social network analysis tools but few provide features for visualization of dynamically changing networks featuring the addition or deletion of nodes or edges. Our tool extends the code base of the Node XL template for Microsoft Excel, a popular network visualization tool. The key features of this work are (1) The ability of the user to specify and edit temporal annotations to the network components in an Excel sheet, (2) See the dynamics of the network with multiple graph metrics plotted over the time span of the graph, called the Timeline, and (3) Temporal exploration of the network layout using an edge coloring scheme and a dynamic Time slider. The objectives of the new features presented in this paper are to let the data analysts, computer scientists and others to observe the dynamics or evolution in a network interactively. We presented Net EvViz to five users of Node XL and received positive responses. JA - Privacy, Security, Risk and Trust (PASSAT), 2011 IEEE Third International Conference on and 2011 IEEE Third International Confernece on Social Computing (SocialCom) PB - IEEE SN - 978-1-4577-1931-8 M3 - 10.1109/PASSAT/SocialCom.2011.212 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Analyzing (social media) networks with NodeXL T2 - Proceedings of the fourth international conference on Communities and technologies Y1 - 2009 A1 - Smith,Marc A. A1 - Shneiderman, Ben A1 - Milic-Frayling,Natasa A1 - Mendes Rodrigues,Eduarda A1 - Barash,Vladimir A1 - Dunne,Cody A1 - Capone,Tony A1 - Perer,Adam A1 - Gleave,Eric KW - excel KW - network analysis KW - social media KW - social network KW - spreadsheet KW - Visualization AB - We present NodeXL, an extendible toolkit for network overview, discovery and exploration implemented as an add-in to the Microsoft Excel 2007 spreadsheet software. We demonstrate NodeXL data analysis and visualization features with a social media data sample drawn from an enterprise intranet social network. A sequence of NodeXL operations from data import to computation of network statistics and refinement of network visualization through sorting, filtering, and clustering functions is described. These operations reveal sociologically relevant differences in the patterns of interconnection among employee participants in the social media space. The tool and method can be broadly applied. JA - Proceedings of the fourth international conference on Communities and technologies T3 - C&T '09 PB - ACM CY - New York, NY, USA SN - 978-1-60558-713-4 UR - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1556460.1556497 M3 - 10.1145/1556460.1556497 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Finding comparable temporal categorical records: A similarity measure with an interactive visualization T2 - IEEE Symposium on Visual Analytics Science and Technology, 2009. VAST 2009 Y1 - 2009 A1 - Wongsuphasawat,K. A1 - Shneiderman, Ben KW - data visualisation KW - Educational institutions KW - Feedback KW - Information retrieval KW - interactive search tool KW - interactive systems KW - interactive visualization tool KW - large databases KW - M&M Measure KW - Match & Mismatch measure KW - Medical services KW - numerical time series KW - parameters customization KW - Particle measurements KW - Similan KW - similarity measure KW - Similarity Search KW - temporal categorical databases KW - Temporal Categorical Records KW - temporal databases KW - Testing KW - Time measurement KW - time series KW - transportation KW - usability KW - very large databases KW - visual databases KW - Visualization AB - An increasing number of temporal categorical databases are being collected: Electronic Health Records in healthcare organizations, traffic incident logs in transportation systems, or student records in universities. Finding similar records within these large databases requires effective similarity measures that capture the searcher's intent. Many similarity measures exist for numerical time series, but temporal categorical records are different. We propose a temporal categorical similarity measure, the M&M (Match & Mismatch) measure, which is based on the concept of aligning records by sentinel events, then matching events between the target and the compared records. The M&M measure combines the time differences between pairs of events and the number of mismatches. To accom-modate customization of parameters in the M&M measure and results interpretation, we implemented Similan, an interactive search and visualization tool for temporal categorical records. A usability study with 8 participants demonstrated that Similan was easy to learn and enabled them to find similar records, but users had difficulty understanding the M&M measure. The usability study feedback, led to an improved version with a continuous timeline, which was tested in a pilot study with 5 participants. JA - IEEE Symposium on Visual Analytics Science and Technology, 2009. VAST 2009 PB - IEEE SN - 978-1-4244-5283-5 M3 - 10.1109/VAST.2009.5332595 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Integrating Statistics and Visualization for Exploratory Power: From Long-Term Case Studies to Design Guidelines JF - IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications Y1 - 2009 A1 - Perer,A. A1 - Shneiderman, Ben KW - case studies KW - Control systems KW - Data analysis KW - data mining KW - data visualisation KW - Data visualization KW - data-mining KW - design guidelines KW - Employment KW - exploration KW - Filters KW - Guidelines KW - Information Visualization KW - insights KW - laboratory-based controlled experiments KW - Performance analysis KW - social network analysis KW - Social network services KW - social networking (online) KW - social networks KW - SocialAction KW - statistical analysis KW - Statistics KW - visual analytics KW - visual-analytics systems KW - Visualization AB - Evaluating visual-analytics systems is challenging because laboratory-based controlled experiments might not effectively represent analytical tasks. One such system, Social Action, integrates statistics and visualization in an interactive exploratory tool for social network analysis. This article describes results from long-term case studies with domain experts and extends established design goals for information visualization. VL - 29 SN - 0272-1716 CP - 3 M3 - 10.1109/MCG.2009.44 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Rigorous Probabilistic Trust-Inference with Applications to Clustering T2 - IEEE/WIC/ACM International Joint Conferences on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technologies, 2009. WI-IAT '09 Y1 - 2009 A1 - DuBois,Thomas A1 - Golbeck,Jennifer A1 - Srinivasan, Aravind KW - Clustering algorithms KW - Conferences KW - Educational institutions KW - Extraterrestrial measurements KW - Inference algorithms KW - Intelligent agent KW - random graphs KW - Social network services KW - trust inferrence KW - Visualization KW - Voting KW - Web sites AB - The World Wide Web has transformed into an environment where users both produce and consume information. In order to judge the validity of information, it is important to know how trustworthy its creator is. Since no individual can have direct knowledge of more than a small fraction of information authors, methods for inferring trust are needed. We propose a new trust inference scheme based on the idea that a trust network can be viewed as a random graph, and a chain of trust as a path in that graph. In addition to having an intuitive interpretation, our algorithm has several advantages, noteworthy among which is the creation of an inferred trust-metric space where the shorter the distance between two people, the higher their trust. Metric spaces have rigorous algorithms for clustering, visualization, and related problems, any of which is directly applicable to our results. JA - IEEE/WIC/ACM International Joint Conferences on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technologies, 2009. WI-IAT '09 PB - IEEE VL - 1 SN - 978-0-7695-3801-3 M3 - 10.1109/WI-IAT.2009.109 ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Effective Visualization of File System Access-Control T2 - Visualization for Computer Security Y1 - 2008 A1 - Heitzmann, Alexander A1 - Palazzi, Bernardo A1 - Charalampos Papamanthou A1 - Tamassia, Roberto ED - Goodall, John R. ED - Conti, Gregory ED - Ma, Kwan-Liu KW - Computer Communication Networks KW - Computer Imaging, Vision, Pattern Recognition and Graphics KW - data mining and knowledge discovery KW - Data Structures, Cryptology and Information Theory KW - Visualization AB - In this paper, we present a visual representation of access control permissions in a standard hierarchical file system. Our visualization of file permissions leverages treemaps, a popular graphical representation of hierarchical data. In particular, we present a visualization of access control for the NTFS file system that can help a non-expert user understand and manipulate file system permissions in a simple and effective way. While our examples are based on NTFS, our approach can be used for many other hierarchical file systems as well. JA - Visualization for Computer Security T3 - Lecture Notes in Computer Science PB - Springer Berlin Heidelberg SN - 978-3-540-85931-4, 978-3-540-85933-8 UR - http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-540-85933-8_2 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Shape Analysis and Structuring Y1 - 2008 A1 - De Floriani, Leila A1 - Spagnuolo,Michela KW - Computer Graphics KW - Computer vision KW - Computers / Computer Graphics KW - Computers / Image Processing KW - Geometrical models KW - Geometry KW - Geometry, Analytic KW - Image analysis KW - IMAGE PROCESSING KW - Mathematics / Functional Analysis KW - Mathematics / Geometry / General KW - Mathematics / Graphic Methods KW - Mathematics / Mathematical Analysis KW - shapes KW - Technology & Engineering / Engineering (General) KW - Visualization AB - With a lot of recent developments in the field, this much-needed book has come at just the right time. It covers a variety of topics related to preserving and enhancing shape information at a geometric level. The contributors also cover subjects that are relevant to effectively capturing the structure of a shape by identifying relevant shape components and their mutual relationships. PB - Springer SN - 9783540332640 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - EcoLens: Integration and interactive visualization of ecological datasets JF - Ecological Informatics Y1 - 2007 A1 - Parr,Cynthia Sims A1 - Lee,Bongshin A1 - Bederson, Benjamin B. KW - Data integration KW - Food webs KW - Taxonomy KW - Visualization AB - Complex multi-dimensional datasets are now pervasive in science and elsewhere in society. Better interactive tools are needed for visual data exploration so that patterns in such data may be easily discovered, data can be proofread, and subsets of data can be chosen for algorithmic analysis. In particular, synthetic research such as ecological interaction research demands effective ways to examine multiple datasets. This paper describes our integration of hundreds of food-web datasets into a common platform, and the visualization software, EcoLens, we developed for exploring this information. This publicly-available application and integrated dataset have been useful for our research predicting large complex food webs, and EcoLens is favorably reviewed by other researchers. Many habitats are not well represented in our large database. We confirm earlier results about the small size and lack of taxonomic resolution in early food webs but find that they and a non-food-web source provide trophic information about a large number of taxa absent from more modern studies. Corroboration of Tuesday Lake trophic links across studies is usually possible, but lack of links among congeners may have several explanations. While EcoLens does not provide all kinds of analytical support, its label- and item-based approach is effective at addressing concerns about the comparability and taxonomic resolution of food-web data. VL - 2 SN - 1574-9541 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1574954107000118 CP - 1 M3 - 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2007.03.005 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Classifying science: Phenomena, data, theory, method, practice: Book Reviews JF - J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci. Technol. Y1 - 2006 A1 - Perer,Adam A1 - Shneiderman, Ben A1 - Oard, Douglas KW - corpus_analysis KW - email KW - hci KW - project--email KW - text_analysis KW - Visualization AB - Due to e-mail's ubiquitous nature, millions of users are intimate with the technology; however, most users are only familiar with managing their own e-mail, which is an inherently different task from exploring an e-mail archive. Historians and social scientists believe that e-mail archives are important artifacts for understanding the individuals and communities they represent. To understand the conversations evidenced in an archive, context is needed. In this article, we present a new way to gain this necessary context: analyzing the temporal rhythms of social relationships. We provide methods for constructing meaningful rhythms from the e-mail headers by identifying relationships and interpreting their attributes. With these visualization techniques, e-mail archive explorers can uncover insights that may have been otherwise hidden in the archive. We apply our methods to an individual's 15-year e-mail archive, which consists of about 45,000 messages and over 4,000 relationships. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. VL - 57 SN - 1532-2882 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asi.v57:14 CP - 14 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Exploring erotics in Emily Dickinson's correspondence with text mining and visual interfaces T2 - Proceedings of the 6th ACM/IEEE-CS joint conference on Digital libraries Y1 - 2006 A1 - Plaisant, Catherine A1 - Rose,James A1 - Yu,Bei A1 - Auvil,Loretta A1 - Kirschenbaum,Matthew G. A1 - Smith,Martha Nell A1 - Clement,Tanya A1 - Lord,Greg KW - case studies KW - humanities KW - literary criticism KW - text mining KW - user interface KW - Visualization AB - This paper describes a system to support humanities scholars in their interpretation of literary work. It presents a user interface and web architecture that integrates text mining, a graphical user interface and visualization, while attempting to remain easy to use by non specialists. Users can interactively read and rate documents found in a digital libraries collection, prepare training sets, review results of classification algorithms and explore possible indicators and explanations. Initial evaluation steps suggest that there is a rationale for "provocational" text mining in literary interpretation. JA - Proceedings of the 6th ACM/IEEE-CS joint conference on Digital libraries T3 - JCDL '06 PB - ACM CY - New York, NY, USA SN - 1-59593-354-9 UR - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1141753.1141781 M3 - 10.1145/1141753.1141781 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Reflecting on Health: A System for Students to Monitor Diet and Exercise T2 - SIGCHI EA '06 Y1 - 2006 A1 - Brown, Brandon A1 - Marshini Chetty A1 - Grimes, Andrea A1 - Harmon, Ellie KW - diet KW - exercise KW - journaling KW - mobile phone KW - Visualization AB - Using an iterative design process, we designed and evaluated a system for college students to encourage the development and maintenance of healthy diet and exercise habits. The system has three components: a camera phone application to support photographic diet and exercise journaling, an automatic workout tracking application for exercise machines in the gym, and a visualization application to support users as they reflect on their diet and exercise activities. JA - SIGCHI EA '06 T3 - CHI EA '06 PB - ACM SN - 1-59593-298-4 UR - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1125451.1125794 ER - TY - CONF T1 - The challenge of information visualization evaluation T2 - Proceedings of the working conference on Advanced visual interfaces Y1 - 2004 A1 - Plaisant, Catherine KW - adoption KW - Evaluation KW - return on investment KW - technology transfer KW - usability KW - usefulness KW - User studies KW - Visualization AB - As the field of information visualization matures, the tools and ideas described in our research publications are reaching users. The reports of usability studies and controlled experiments are helpful to understand the potential and limitations of our tools, but we need to consider other evaluation approaches that take into account the long exploratory nature of users tasks, the value of potential discoveries or the benefits of overall awareness. We need better metrics and benchmark repositories to compare tools, and we should also seek reports of successful adoption and demonstrated utility. JA - Proceedings of the working conference on Advanced visual interfaces T3 - AVI '04 PB - ACM CY - New York, NY, USA SN - 1-58113-867-9 UR - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/989863.989880 M3 - 10.1145/989863.989880 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Facilitating understanding of information visualizations: emerging principles and examples T2 - Eighth International Conference on Information Visualisation, 2004. IV 2004. Proceedings Y1 - 2004 A1 - Shneiderman, Ben KW - Computer science KW - data visualisation KW - Educational institutions KW - Guidelines KW - hierarchical visualization KW - HUMANS KW - Information Visualization KW - Laboratories KW - multidimensional visualization KW - Portable computers KW - Testing KW - usability KW - User interfaces KW - Visualization AB - Summary form only given. The enthusiasm for information visualization has generated a wide variety of interesting tools for multi-dimensional, hierarchical, and other kinds of visualizations. However, some designs are readily accepted as understandable and useful, while others are perceived as confusing and useless. Controlled studies have begun to sort of some of the issues, but the insights of designers and usability tests are contributing interesting cognitive hypotheses for researchers and practical guidelines for developers. This paper offers examples of what works and what doesn't with a preliminary set of principles that might have wide applicability. JA - Eighth International Conference on Information Visualisation, 2004. IV 2004. Proceedings PB - IEEE SN - 0-7695-2177-0 M3 - 10.1109/IV.2004.1320117 ER - TY - CONF T1 - The internet spatial spreadsheet: enabling remote visualization of dynamic spatial data and ongoing query results over a network T2 - Proceedings of the 11th ACM international symposium on Advances in geographic information systems Y1 - 2003 A1 - Iwerks,Glenn S. A1 - Samet, Hanan KW - client server KW - GIS KW - Spatial databases KW - Visualization AB - Moving object databases store and process data for objects that change location frequently. Materialized views maintained over time must be updated to reflect changes due to the motion of objects in their environment. To visualize view query results, displays must be updated to reflect the change. In this paper we present the Internet Spatial Spreadsheet (ISS) as a means to organize, query, and visualize changing spatial data in a network environment such as the Internet.The goal of the ISS is to keep client visualizations of query results up to date with the server state. This is accomplished by pushing the minimal set of spatial data needed for rendering query results on the client. Incremental changes to query results are subsequently transmitted to the client as the database is updated to keep the visualization current. Additional constraints in the network environment such as firewall limitations are also considered. JA - Proceedings of the 11th ACM international symposium on Advances in geographic information systems T3 - GIS '03 PB - ACM CY - New York, NY, USA SN - 1-58113-730-3 UR - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/956676.956697 M3 - 10.1145/956676.956697 ER - TY - CONF T1 - VASCO: visualizing and animating spatial constructs and operations T2 - Proceedings of the nineteenth annual symposium on Computational geometry Y1 - 2003 A1 - Brabec,Frantivsek A1 - Samet, Hanan A1 - Yilmaz,Cemal KW - k-d trees KW - Nearest neighbor algorithms KW - quadtrees KW - R-trees KW - Visualization AB - A video is used to demonstrate a set of spatial index JAVA applets that enable users on the worldwide web to experiment with a number of variants of the quadtree spatial data structure for different spatial data types, and, most importantly, enable them to see in an animated manner how a number of basic search operations are executed for them. The spatial data types are points, line segments, rectangles, and regions. The search operations are the window query (i.e., a spatial range query) and a nearest neighbor query that enables ranking spatial objects in the order of their distance from a given query object. The representations and algorithms are visualized and animated in a consistent manner using the same primitives and colors so that the differences between the effects of the representations can be easily understood. The video demonstrates the PR quadtree, PM1 quadtree, and R-tree. The applets can be found at: www.cs.umd.edu/~hjs/quadtree/. JA - Proceedings of the nineteenth annual symposium on Computational geometry T3 - SCG '03 PB - ACM CY - New York, NY, USA SN - 1-58113-663-3 UR - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/777792.777849 M3 - 10.1145/777792.777849 ER - TY - CONF T1 - A Visualization of the Primal Simplex Algorithm for the Assignment Problem T2 - ITiCSE '03 Proceedings of the 8th Annual Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education Y1 - 2003 A1 - Charalampos Papamanthou A1 - Paparrizos, Konstantinos KW - Assignment problem KW - Visualization AB - An educationally-oriented Visualization Software used to assist the teaching of the Primal Simplex Algorithm for the Assignment Problem is presented. JA - ITiCSE '03 Proceedings of the 8th Annual Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education T3 - ITiCSE '03 PB - ACM SN - 1-58113-672-2 UR - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/961511.961631 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Why not make interfaces better than 3D reality? JF - IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications Y1 - 2003 A1 - Shneiderman, Ben KW - 3D interfaces KW - 3D reality KW - Atmosphere KW - Avatars KW - Cities and towns KW - Collaboration KW - Computer displays KW - Computer Graphics KW - error prevention KW - history keeping KW - information exploration KW - Information Visualization KW - movements KW - Navigation KW - occlusion KW - overviews KW - programming-by-demonstration KW - rapid situation awareness KW - Testing KW - usability KW - user action feedback KW - User interfaces KW - Virtual reality KW - Visualization AB - Many constrained interfaces are designed to be simpler than the real world by restricting movement, limiting interface actions, and keeping interface objects in a plane. However, the strong utility of pure 3D interfaces for medical, architectural, product design, and scientific visualization means that interface design for pure 3D remains an important challenge. An intriguing possibility is that enhanced 3D interfaces might offer simpler navigation, more compelling functionality, safer movements, and less occlusion, than 3D reality, especially for information exploration and visualization tasks. Such features can enable superhuman capabilities such as faster-than-light teleportation, flying through objects, and X-ray vision. Enhanced 3D interfaces might have supernatural tools such as magic wands for instantly shrinking, enlarging, duplicating, or sending objects and enchanted environments that provide error prevention, history keeping, and programming-by-demonstration. Playful game designers and creative application developers have already pushed the technology further than those who seek merely to mimic reality. Advanced designs are marked by their support of rapid situation awareness through effective overviews, reduced numbers of actions to accomplish tasks; and prompt, meaningful feedback for user actions. This article reviews these clever enhanced 3D-design features and encourages approaches that facilitate user tasks rather than mimic reality. VL - 23 SN - 0272-1716 CP - 6 M3 - 10.1109/MCG.2003.1242376 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Optimized seamless integration of biomolecular data T2 - Proceedings of the IEEE 2nd International Symposium on Bioinformatics and Bioengineering Conference, 2001 Y1 - 2001 A1 - Eckman,B. A A1 - Lacroix,Z. A1 - Raschid, Louiqa KW - analysis KW - Bioinformatics KW - biology computing KW - cost based knowledge KW - Costs KW - Data analysis KW - data mining KW - data visualisation KW - Data visualization KW - Data warehouses KW - decision support KW - digital library KW - Educational institutions KW - information resources KW - Internet KW - low cost query evaluation plans KW - Mediation KW - meta data KW - metadata KW - molecular biophysics KW - multiple local heterogeneous data sources KW - multiple remote heterogeneous data sources KW - optimized seamless biomolecular data integration KW - scientific discovery KW - scientific information systems KW - semantic knowledge KW - software libraries KW - visual databases KW - Visualization AB - Today, scientific data is inevitably digitized, stored in a variety of heterogeneous formats, and is accessible over the Internet. Scientists need to access an integrated view of multiple remote or local heterogeneous data sources. They then integrate the results of complex queries and apply further analysis and visualization to support the task of scientific discovery. Building a digital library for scientific discovery requires accessing and manipulating data extracted from flat files or databases, documents retrieved from the Web, as well as data that is locally materialized in warehouses or is generated by software. We consider several tasks to provide optimized and seamless integration of biomolecular data. Challenges to be addressed include capturing and representing source capabilities; developing a methodology to acquire and represent metadata about source contents and access costs; and decision support to select sources and capabilities using cost based and semantic knowledge, and generating low cost query evaluation plans JA - Proceedings of the IEEE 2nd International Symposium on Bioinformatics and Bioengineering Conference, 2001 PB - IEEE SN - 0-7695-1423-5 M3 - 10.1109/BIBE.2001.974408 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Domain name based visualization of Web histories in a zoomable user interface T2 - 11th International Workshop on Database and Expert Systems Applications, 2000. Proceedings Y1 - 2000 A1 - Gandhi,R. A1 - Kumar,G. A1 - Bederson, Benjamin B. A1 - Shneiderman, Ben KW - Computer science KW - data visualisation KW - domain name KW - domain name based visualization KW - Domain Tree Browser KW - Educational institutions KW - History KW - hypermedia KW - hypertext links KW - hypertext systems KW - information resources KW - Navigation KW - online front-ends KW - thumbnails KW - Tree graphs KW - tree structured visual navigation history KW - Uniform resource locators KW - URLs KW - User interfaces KW - Visualization KW - Web browser companion KW - Web histories KW - Web pages KW - World Wide Web KW - zoomable user interface KW - zoomable window AB - Users of hypertext systems like the World Wide Web (WWW) often find themselves following hypertext links deeper and deeper, only to find themselves “lost” and unable to find their way back to the previously visited pages. We have implemented a Web browser companion called Domain Tree Browser (DTB) that builds a tree structured visual navigation history while browsing the Web. The Domain Tree Browser organizes the URLs visited based on the domain name of each URL and shows thumbnails of each page in a zoomable window JA - 11th International Workshop on Database and Expert Systems Applications, 2000. Proceedings PB - IEEE SN - 0-7695-0680-1 M3 - 10.1109/DEXA.2000.875085 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Visualization methods for personal photo collections: browsing and searching in the PhotoFinder T2 - 2000 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, 2000. ICME 2000 Y1 - 2000 A1 - Kang,Hyunmo A1 - Shneiderman, Ben KW - Browsing KW - Computer science KW - digital photo library KW - Displays KW - drag-and-drop interface KW - dynamic query KW - Educational institutions KW - Filters KW - Histograms KW - Image retrieval KW - personal computing KW - personal photo collections KW - photo collection management KW - PhotoFinder KW - Prototypes KW - query preview KW - scatter plot thumbnail display KW - Scattering KW - searching KW - software libraries KW - software tools KW - User interfaces KW - visual Boolean query interfaces KW - visual databases KW - Visualization KW - visualization methods AB - Software tools for personal photo collection management are proliferating, but they usually have limited searching and browsing functions. We implemented the PhotoFinder prototype to enable non-technical users of personal photo collections to search and browse easily. PhotoFinder provides a set of visual Boolean query interfaces, coupled with dynamic query and query preview features. It gives users powerful search capabilities. Using a scatter plot thumbnail display and drag-and-drop interface, PhotoFinder is designed to be easy to use for searching and browsing photos JA - 2000 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, 2000. ICME 2000 PB - IEEE VL - 3 SN - 0-7803-6536-4 M3 - 10.1109/ICME.2000.871061 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Excentric labeling: dynamic neighborhood labeling for data visualization T2 - Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems: the CHI is the limit Y1 - 1999 A1 - Fekete,Jean-Daniel A1 - Plaisant, Catherine KW - dynamic labeling KW - Evaluation KW - label KW - Visualization AB - The widespread use of information visualization is hampered bythe lack of effective labeling techniques. An informal taxonomy of labeling methods is proposed. We then describe excentric labeling, a new dynamic technique to label a neighborhood of objects located around the cursor. This technique does not intrude into the existing interaction, it is not computationally intensive, and was easily applied to several visualization applications. A pilot study with eight subjects indicates a strong speed benefit over a zoom interface for tasks that involve the exploration of large numbers of objects. Observations and comments from users are presented. JA - Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems: the CHI is the limit T3 - CHI '99 PB - ACM CY - New York, NY, USA SN - 0-201-48559-1 UR - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/302979.303148 M3 - 10.1145/302979.303148 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Readings in Information Visualization: Using Vision to Think Y1 - 1999 A1 - Card,Stuart K. A1 - Mackinlay,Jock D. A1 - Shneiderman, Ben KW - Computer Graphics KW - Computers / Computer Engineering KW - Computers / Computer Graphics KW - Computers / Computer Graphics / General KW - Computers / Computer Science KW - Computers / General KW - Computers / Information Technology KW - Computers / Information Theory KW - Computers / Intelligence (AI) & Semantics KW - Computers / Social Aspects / Human-Computer Interaction KW - IMAGE PROCESSING KW - Information display systems KW - Information Visualization KW - Psychology / General KW - Visualization AB - This groundbreaking book defines the emerging field of information visualization and offers the first-ever collection of the classic papers of the discipline, with introductions and analytical discussions of each topic and paper. The authors' intention is to present papers that focus on the use of visualization to discover relationships, using interactive graphics to amplify thought. This book is intended for research professionals in academia and industry; new graduate students and professors who want to begin work in this burgeoning field; professionals involved in financial data analysis, statistics, and information design; scientific data managers; and professionals involved in medical, bioinformatics, and other areas.* Full-color reproduction throughout* Author power team - an exciting and timely collaboration between the field's pioneering, most-respected names* The only book on Information Visualization with the depth necessary for use as a text or as a reference for the information professional* Text includes the classic source papers as well as a collection of cutting edge work PB - Morgan Kaufmann SN - 9781558605336 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Visualization of high-dimensional model characteristics T2 - Proceedings of the 1999 workshop on new paradigms in information visualization and manipulation in conjunction with the eighth ACM internation conference on Information and knowledge management Y1 - 1999 A1 - desJardins, Marie A1 - Rheingans,Penny KW - data mining and knowledge discovery KW - multidimensional information spaces KW - Visualization AB - Using inductive learning techniques to construct explanatory models for large, high-dimensional data sets is a useful way to discover useful information. However, these models can be difficult for users to understand. We have developed a set of visualization methods that enable a user to evaluate the quality of learned models, to compare alternative models, and identify ways in which a model might be improved We describe the visualization techniques we have explored, including methods for high-dimensional data space projection, variable/class correlation, instance mapping, and model sampling We show the results of applying these techniques to several models built from a benchmark data set of census data. JA - Proceedings of the 1999 workshop on new paradigms in information visualization and manipulation in conjunction with the eighth ACM internation conference on Information and knowledge management T3 - NPIVM '99 PB - ACM CY - New York, NY, USA SN - 1-58113-254-9 UR - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/331770.331774 M3 - 10.1145/331770.331774 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Visualizing medical records with LifeLines T2 - CHI 98 conference summary on Human factors in computing systems Y1 - 1998 A1 - Plaisant, Catherine A1 - Heller,Daniel A1 - Li,Jia A1 - Shneiderman, Ben A1 - Mushlin,Rich A1 - Karat,John KW - healthcare KW - History KW - medical record KW - overview KW - timeline KW - Visualization JA - CHI 98 conference summary on Human factors in computing systems T3 - CHI '98 PB - ACM CY - New York, NY, USA SN - 1-58113-028-7 UR - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/286498.286513 M3 - 10.1145/286498.286513 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Query previews in networked information systems: the case of EOSDIS T2 - CHI '97 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems: looking to the future Y1 - 1997 A1 - Plaisant, Catherine A1 - Bruns,Tom A1 - Shneiderman, Ben A1 - Doan,Khoa KW - direct manipulation KW - dynamic query KW - earth science KW - network information system KW - query preview KW - Visualization AB - Dynamic queries have been shown to be an effective technique to browse information, and to find patterns and exceptions. Dynamic queries involve the interactive control by a user of visual query parameters that generate rapid (100 ms update), animated, and visual displays of database search results. The data of early implementations was stored in local memory to guarantee optimal speed. Problems arise when the data is very large and distributed over a network. To overcome the problems of slow networks and data volume we propose a two-phase approach to query formulation using query previews and query refinements [1]. Preview mechanisms have been used in the past [2] and we believe that their use will be a major component of successful networked information systems interfaces (e.g. [3]). JA - CHI '97 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems: looking to the future T3 - CHI EA '97 PB - ACM CY - New York, NY, USA SN - 0-89791-926-2 UR - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1120212.1120343 M3 - 10.1145/1120212.1120343 ER - TY - CONF T1 - LifeLines: visualizing personal histories T2 - Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems: common ground Y1 - 1996 A1 - Plaisant, Catherine A1 - Milash,Brett A1 - Rose,Anne A1 - Widoff,Seth A1 - Shneiderman, Ben KW - History KW - justice KW - medical record KW - overview KW - personal record KW - screen design KW - screen management KW - timeline KW - Visualization JA - Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems: common ground T3 - CHI '96 PB - ACM CY - New York, NY, USA SN - 0-89791-777-4 UR - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/238386.238493 M3 - 10.1145/238386.238493 ER - TY - CONF T1 - User controlled overviews of an image library: a case study of the visible human T2 - Proceedings of the first ACM international conference on Digital libraries Y1 - 1996 A1 - North,Chris A1 - Shneiderman, Ben A1 - Plaisant, Catherine KW - Browsing KW - digital library KW - image database KW - information exploration KW - Information retrieval KW - Internet KW - medical image KW - remote access KW - user interface KW - Visualization KW - World-wide web JA - Proceedings of the first ACM international conference on Digital libraries T3 - DL '96 PB - ACM CY - New York, NY, USA SN - 0-89791-830-4 UR - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/226931.226946 M3 - 10.1145/226931.226946 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using Treemaps to Visualize the Analytic Hierarchy Process JF - Information Systems ResearchInformation Systems Research Y1 - 1995 A1 - Asahi,Toshiyuki A1 - Turo,David A1 - Shneiderman, Ben KW - AHP KW - analytic hierarchy process KW - decision support KW - treemap KW - User interfaces KW - Visualization AB - Treemaps, a visualization method for large hierarchical data spaces, are used to augment the capabilities of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) for decision-making. Two direct manipulation tools, presented metaphorically as a “pump” and a “hook,” were developed and applied to the treemap to support AHP sensitivity analysis. Users can change the importance of criteria dynamically on the two-dimensional treemap and immediately see the impact on the outcome of the decision. This fluid process dramatically speeds up exploration and provides a better understanding of the relative impact of the component criteria. A usability study with six subjects using a prototype AHP application showed that treemap representation was acceptable from a visualization and data operation standpoint. VL - 6 SN - 1047-7047, 1526-5536 UR - http://isr.journal.informs.org/content/6/4/357 CP - 4 M3 - 10.1287/isre.6.4.357 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Tree-maps: a space-filling approach to the visualization of hierarchical information structures T2 - , IEEE Conference on Visualization, 1991. Visualization '91, Proceedings Y1 - 1991 A1 - Johnson,B. A1 - Shneiderman, Ben KW - Computer displays KW - Computer Graphics KW - Computer science KW - Data analysis KW - display space KW - Educational institutions KW - Feedback KW - hierarchical information structures KW - HUMANS KW - Laboratories KW - Libraries KW - Marine vehicles KW - rectangular region KW - semantic information KW - space-filling approach KW - tree-map visualization technique KW - trees (mathematics) KW - Two dimensional displays KW - Visualization AB - A method for visualizing hierarchically structured information is described. The tree-map visualization technique makes 100% use of the available display space, mapping the full hierarchy onto a rectangular region in a space-filling manner. This efficient use of space allows very large hierarchies to be displayed in their entirety and facilitates the presentation of semantic information. Tree-maps can depict both the structure and content of the hierarchy. However, the approach is best suited to hierarchies in which the content of the leaf nodes and the structure of the hierarchy are of primary importance, and the content information associated with internal nodes is largely derived from their children JA - , IEEE Conference on Visualization, 1991. Visualization '91, Proceedings PB - IEEE SN - 0-8186-2245-8 M3 - 10.1109/VISUAL.1991.175815 ER -