@conference {18174,
	title = {Colluding Fingerprinted Video using the Gradient Attack},
	booktitle = {Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, 2007. ICASSP 2007. IEEE International Conference on},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2007},
	month = {2007/04//},
	pages = {II-161 -II-164 - II-161 -II-164},
	abstract = {Digital fingerprinting is an emerging tool to protect multimedia content from unauthorized distribution by embedding a unique fingerprint into each user{\textquoteright}s copy. Although several fingerprinting schemes have been proposed in related work, disproportional effort has been targeted towards identifying effective collusion attacks on fingerprinting schemes. Recent introduction of the gradient attack has refined the definition of an optimal attack and demonstrated strong effect on direct-sequence, uniformly distributed, and Gaussian spread spectrum fingerprints when applied to synthetic signals. In this paper, we apply the gradient attack on an existing well-engineered video fingerprinting scheme, refine the attack procedure, and demonstrate that the gradient attack is effective on Laplace fingerprints. Finally, we explore an improvement on fingerprint design to thwart the gradient attack. Results suggest that Laplace fingerprint should be avoided. However, we show that a signal mixed of Laplace and Gaussian fingerprints may serve as a design strategy to disable the gradient attack and force pirates into averaging as a form of adversary collusion.},
	keywords = {attack;multimedia, attacks;digital, content, data;video, distribution;fingerprint, effort;gradient, fingerprinted, fingerprinting;disproportional, fingerprints;colluding, fingerprints;Laplace, Gaussian, identification;multimedia, of, processing;, protection;unauthorized, signal, spectrum, spread, systems;security, video;collusion},
	doi = {10.1109/ICASSP.2007.366197},
	author = {He,Shan and Kirovski,D. and M. Wu}
}
@conference {18178,
	title = {Collusion-Resistant Fingerprinting for Compressed Multimedia Signals},
	booktitle = {Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, 2007. ICASSP 2007. IEEE International Conference on},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2007},
	month = {2007/04//},
	pages = {II-165 -II-168 - II-165 -II-168},
	abstract = {Most existing collusion-resistant fingerprinting techniques are for fingerprinting uncompressed signals. In this paper, we first study the performance of the traditional Gaussian based spread spectrum sequences for fingerprinting compressed signals and show that the system can be easily defeated by averaging or taking the median of a few copies. To overcome the collusion problem for compressed multimedia host signals, we propose a technique called anti-collusion dithering to mimic an uncompressed signal. Results show higher probability of catching a colluder using the proposed scheme compared to using Gaussian based fingerprints.},
	keywords = {based, compression;Gaussian, compression;multimedia, dithering;collusion-resistant, fingerprinting;multimedia, Gaussian, processes;data, sequences;anticollusion, signals, spectrum, spread, systems;},
	doi = {10.1109/ICASSP.2007.366198},
	author = {Varna,A.L. and He,Shan and Swaminathan,A. and M. Wu and Lu,Haiming and Lu,Zengxiang}
}
@conference {18279,
	title = {Security Issues in Cooperative Communications: Tracing Adversarial Relays},
	booktitle = {Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, 2006. ICASSP 2006 Proceedings. 2006 IEEE International Conference on},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2006},
	month = {2006/05//},
	pages = {IV - IV},
	abstract = {Cooperative communication system explores a new dimension of diversity in wireless communications to combat unfriendly wireless environment through strategic relays. While this emerging technology is promising in improving communication quality, some security problems inherent to cooperative relay also arise. In this paper we investigate the security issues in cooperative communications that consist of multiple relay nodes using decode-and-forward strategy. In particular, we consider the situation where one of the relay nodes is adversarial and tries to corrupt the communications by sending garbled signals. We show that the conventional physical-layer signal detection will not be effective in such a scenario, and the application-layer cryptography alone is not sufficient to identify the adversarial relay. To combat adversarial relay, we propose a cross-layer scheme that uses pseudo-random tracing symbols, with an adaptive signal detection rule at the physical layer, and direct sequence spread spectrum symbol construction at the application layer for tracing and identifying adversarial relay. Our experimental simulations show that the proposed tracing scheme is effective and efficient},
	keywords = {adaptive, Communication, communications;adaptive, construction;multiple, detection;adversarial, detection;decoding;radiocommunication;telecommunication, issues;strategic, nodes;pseudo-random, relay, relay;decode-and-forward, relays;cooperative, relays;wireless, security;, sequence, signal, spectrum, spread, strategy;direct, symbol, symbols;security, system;cooperative, tracing},
	doi = {10.1109/ICASSP.2006.1660907},
	author = {Mao,Yinian and M. Wu}
}
@article {18191,
	title = {Data hiding in curves with application to fingerprinting maps},
	journal = {Signal Processing, IEEE Transactions on},
	volume = {53},
	year = {2005},
	month = {2005/10//},
	pages = {3988 - 4005},
	abstract = {This paper presents a new data hiding method for curves. The proposed algorithm parameterizes a curve using the B-spline model and adds a spread spectrum sequence to the coordinates of the B-spline control points. In order to achieve robust fingerprint detection, an iterative alignment-minimization algorithm is proposed to perform curve registration and to deal with the nonuniqueness of B-spline control points. Through experiments, we demonstrate the robustness of the proposed data-hiding algorithm against various attacks, such as collusion, cropping, geometric transformations, vector/raster-raster/vector conversions, printing-and-scanning, and some of their combinations. We also show the feasibility of our method for fingerprinting topographic maps as well as writings and drawings.},
	keywords = {(mathematics);, algorithm;, alignment-minimization, B-spline, CONTROL, curve, data, detection;, edge, embedding;, encapsulation;, fingerprint, geospatial, hiding, identification;, image, iterative, method;, methods;, minimisation;, point;, protection;, registration;, sequence;, spectrum, splines, spread, watermarking;},
	isbn = {1053-587X},
	doi = {10.1109/TSP.2005.855411},
	author = {Gou,Hongmei and M. Wu}
}
@conference {18190,
	title = {Data hiding in curves for collusion-resistant digital fingerprinting},
	booktitle = {Image Processing, 2004. ICIP {\textquoteright}04. 2004 International Conference on},
	volume = {1},
	year = {2004},
	month = {2004/10//},
	pages = {51 - 54 Vol. 1 - 51 - 54 Vol. 1},
	abstract = {This paper presents a new data hiding method for curves. The proposed algorithm parameterizes a curve using the B-spline model and adds a spread spectrum sequence in the coordinates of the B-spline control points. We demonstrate through experiments the robustness of the proposed data hiding algorithm against printing-and-scanning and collusions, and show its feasibility for collusion-resistant fingerprinting of topographic maps as well as writings/drawings from pen-based input devices.},
	keywords = {(mathematics);, B-spline, coding;, collusion-resistant, CONTROL, data, devices;, digital, document, encapsulation;, extraction;, feature, fingerprinting;, hiding;, image, INPUT, maps;, model;, pen-based, points;, printing-and-scanning, processing;, robustness;, sequence;, spectrum, splines, spread, topographic, watermarking;},
	doi = {10.1109/ICIP.2004.1418687},
	author = {Gou,Hongmei and M. Wu}
}
