@article {16115,
	title = {Immediate usability: a case study of public access design for a community photo library},
	journal = {Interacting with Computers},
	volume = {16},
	year = {2004},
	month = {2004/12//},
	pages = {1171 - 1193},
	abstract = {This paper describes a novel instantiation of a digital photo library in a public access system. It demonstrates how designers can utilize characteristics of a target user community (social constraints, trust, and a lack of anonymity) to provide capabilities, such as unrestricted annotation and uploading of photos, which would be impractical in other types of public access systems. It also presents a compact set of design principles and guidelines for ensuring the immediate usability of public access information systems. These principles and guidelines were derived from our experience developing PhotoFinder Kiosk, a community photo library. Attendees of a major HCI conference (CHI 2001 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems) successfully used the tool to browse and annotate collections of photographs spanning 20 years of HCI-related conferences, producing a richly annotated photo history of the field of human{\textendash}computer interaction. Observations and usage log data were used to evaluate the tool and develop the guidelines. They provide specific guidance for practitioners, as well as a useful framework for additional research in public access interfaces.},
	keywords = {Casual use, Community photo library, direct annotation, direct manipulation, Drag-and-drop, Group annotation, Immediate usability, Photo collection, Public access system, Walk-up-and-use, Zero-trial learning},
	isbn = {0953-5438},
	doi = {10.1016/j.intcom.2004.07.005},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0953543804000840},
	author = {Kules,Bill and Kang,Hyunmo and Plaisant, Catherine and Rose,Anne and Shneiderman, Ben}
}
@article {17036,
	title = {Creating creativity: user interfaces for supporting innovation},
	journal = {ACM Trans. Comput.-Hum. Interact.},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2000},
	month = {2000/03//},
	pages = {114 - 138},
	abstract = {A challenge for human-computer interaction researchers and user interf ace designers is to construct information technologies that support creativity. This ambitious goal can be attained by building on an adequate understanding of creative processes. This article offers a four-phase framework for creativity that might assist designers in providing effective tools for users: (1)Collect: learn from provious works stored in libraries, the Web, etc.; (2) Relate: consult with peers and mentors at early, middle, and late stages, (3)Create: explore, compose, evaluate possible solutions; and (4) Donate: disseminate the results and contribute to the libraries. Within this integrated framework, this article proposes eight  activities that require human-computer interaction research and advanced user interface design. A scenario about an architect illustrates the process of creative work within such an environment.},
	keywords = {creativity support tools, direct manipulation, Graphical user interfaces, Human-computer interaction, Information Visualization},
	isbn = {1073-0516},
	doi = {10.1145/344949.345077},
	url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/344949.345077},
	author = {Shneiderman, Ben}
}
@conference {17081,
	title = {Direct annotation: a drag-and-drop strategy for labeling photos},
	booktitle = {IEEE International Conference on Information Visualization, 2000. Proceedings},
	year = {2000},
	month = {2000///},
	pages = {88 - 95},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	abstract = {Annotating photographs is such a time-consuming, tedious and error-prone data entry task that it discourages most owners of personal photo libraries. By allowing the user to drag labels, such as personal names, from a scrolling list and drop them onto a photo, we believe we can make the task faster, easier and more appealing. Since the names are entered in a database, searching for all photos of a friend or family member is dramatically simplified. We describe the user interface design and the database schema to support direct annotation, as implemented in our PhotoFinder prototype},
	keywords = {Biomedical imaging, Cities and towns, Computer errors, Computer science, database indexing, database schema, Databases, digital libraries, direct annotation, direct manipulation, drag-and-drop strategy, Educational institutions, graphical user interface, Graphical user interfaces, History, hobby computing, image searching, label placement, Labeling, Laboratories, Libraries, personal information systems, personal names database, PhotoFinder prototype, photograph labelling, photographic libraries, Photography, scrolling list, user interface design, visual databases},
	isbn = {0-7695-0743-3},
	doi = {10.1109/IV.2000.859742},
	author = {Shneiderman, Ben and Kang,H.}
}
@article {16165,
	title = {Interface and data architecture for query preview in networked information systems},
	journal = {ACM Trans. Inf. Syst.},
	volume = {17},
	year = {1999},
	month = {1999/07//},
	pages = {320 - 341},
	abstract = {There are numerous problems associated with formulating queries onnetworked information systems. These include increased data volume and complexity, accompanied by slow network access. This article proposes a new approach to a network query user interfaces that consists of two phases: query preview and query refinement. This new approach is based on the concepts of dynamic queries and query previews, which guides users in rapidly and dynamically eliminating undesired records, reducing the data volume to a manageable size, and refining queries locally before submission over a network. Examples of two applications are given: a Restaurant Finder and a prototype for NASA{\textquoteright}s Earth Observing Systems Data Information Systems (EOSDIS). Data architecture is discussed, and user feedback is  presented.
},
	keywords = {direct manipulation, dynamic query, EOSDIS, graphical user interface, query preview, query refinement, science data},
	isbn = {1046-8188},
	doi = {10.1145/314516.314522},
	url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/314516.314522},
	author = {Plaisant, Catherine and Shneiderman, Ben and Doan,Khoa and Bruns,Tom}
}
@conference {17240,
	title = {Intelligent software agents vs. user-controlled direct manipulation: a debate},
	booktitle = {CHI {\textquoteright}97 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems: looking to the future},
	series = {CHI EA {\textquoteright}97},
	year = {1997},
	month = {1997///},
	pages = {105 - 106},
	publisher = {ACM},
	organization = {ACM},
	address = {New York, NY, USA},
	abstract = {Critical issues in human-computer interaction - in particular, the advantages and disadvantages of intelligent agents and direct manipulation - will be discussed, debated, and hotly contested. The intent of the participants is to strike an appropriate balance between a serious discussion of the issues and an entertaining debate.},
	keywords = {agents, direct manipulation, graphical representation, intelligent interfaces},
	isbn = {0-89791-926-2},
	doi = {10.1145/1120212.1120281},
	url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1120212.1120281},
	author = {Maes,Pattie and Shneiderman, Ben and Miller,Jim}
}
@conference {16196,
	title = {Query previews in networked information systems: the case of EOSDIS},
	booktitle = {CHI {\textquoteright}97 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems: looking to the future},
	series = {CHI EA {\textquoteright}97},
	year = {1997},
	month = {1997///},
	pages = {202 - 203},
	publisher = {ACM},
	organization = {ACM},
	address = {New York, NY, USA},
	abstract = {Dynamic queries have been shown to be an effective technique to browse information, and to find patterns and exceptions. Dynamic queries involve the interactive control by a user of visual query parameters that generate rapid (100 ms update), animated, and visual displays of database search results. The data of early implementations was stored in local memory to guarantee optimal speed. Problems arise when the data is very large and distributed over a network. To overcome the problems of slow networks and data volume we propose a two-phase approach to query formulation using query previews and query refinements [1]. Preview mechanisms have been used in the past [2] and we believe that their use will be a major component of successful networked information systems interfaces (e.g. [3]).},
	keywords = {direct manipulation, dynamic query, earth science, network information system, query preview, Visualization},
	isbn = {0-89791-926-2},
	doi = {10.1145/1120212.1120343},
	url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1120212.1120343},
	author = {Plaisant, Catherine and Bruns,Tom and Shneiderman, Ben and Doan,Khoa}
}
@article {17231,
	title = {Incremental data structures and algorithms for dynamic query interfaces},
	journal = {ACM SIGMOD Record},
	volume = {25},
	year = {1996},
	month = {1996/12//},
	pages = {21 - 24},
	abstract = {Dynamic query interfaces (DQIs) form a recently developed method of database access that provides continuous realtime feedback to the user during the query formulation process. Previous work shows that DQIs are elegant and powerful interfaces to small databases. Unfortunately, when applied to large databases, previous DQI algorithms slow to a crawl. We present a new approach to DQI algorithms that works well with large databases.},
	keywords = {algorithm, data structure, database, direct manipulation, dynamic query, Information Visualization, user interface},
	isbn = {0163-5808},
	doi = {10.1145/245882.245891},
	url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/245882.245891},
	author = {Tanin,Egemen and Beigel,Richard and Shneiderman, Ben}
}
@article {16956,
	title = {Alpha Slider: Searching Textual Lists with Sliders},
	journal = {Institute for Systems Research Technical Reports},
	year = {1993},
	month = {1993///},
	abstract = {AlphaSlider is a query interface that uses a direct manipulation slider to select words, phrases, or names from an existing list. This paper introduces a prototype of AlphaSlider, describes the design issues, reports on an experimental evaluation, and offers directions for further research. The experiment tested 24 subjects selecting items from lists of 40, 80, 160, and 320 entries. Mean selection times only doubled with the 8-fold increase in list length. Users quickly accommodated to this selection method.},
	keywords = {direct manipulation, Human-computer interaction, keyboard data entry, sliders, Systems Integration, touchscreen},
	url = {http://drum.lib.umd.edu/handle/1903/5397},
	author = {Osada,M. and Liao,Holmes and Shneiderman, Ben}
}
