@article {18558,
	title = {Countering Botnets: Anomaly-Based Detection, Comprehensive Analysis, and Efficient Mitigation},
	year = {2011},
	month = {2011/05//},
	institution = {GEORGIA TECH RESEARCH CORP ATLANTA},
	abstract = {We cover five general areas: (1) botnet detection, (2) botnet analysis, (3) botnet mitigation, (4) add-on tasks to the original contract, including the Conficker Working Group Lessons Learned, Layer-8 Exploration of Botnet Organization, and DREN research, and (5) commercialization in this paper. We have successfully developed new botnet detection and analysis capabilities in this project. These algorithms have been evaluated using real-world data, and have been put into actual, deployed systems. The most significant technical developments include a new dynamic reputation systems for DNS domains, a scalable anomaly detection system for botnet detection in very large network, and a transparent malware analysis system. In addition, on several occasions we have used our botnet data and analysis to help law enforcement agencies arrest botmasters. We also have had great success transitioning technologies to commercial products that are now used by government agencies, ISPs, and major corporations.},
	keywords = {*ELECTRONIC SECURITY, *INFORMATION SECURITY, *INTERNET, *INTRUSION DETECTION(COMPUTERS), algorithms, BGP ROUTE INJECTION, BGP(BORDER GATEWAY PROTOCOLS), BOTNET DETECTION, BOTNET TRACEBACK AND ATTRIBUTION, BOTNETS(MALWARE), CLIENT SERVER SYSTEMS, COMMUNICATIONS PROTOCOLS, COMPUTER PROGRAMMING AND SOFTWARE, COMPUTER SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT AND STANDARDS, CYBER ATTACKS, CYBER SECURITY, CYBERNETICS, CYBERTERRORISM, CYBERWARFARE, DATA PROCESSING SECURITY, DNS BASED MONITORING, DNS BASED REDIRECTION, DNS(DOMAIN NAME SYSTEMS), INFORMATION SCIENCE, INTERNET BROWSERS, ISP(INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDERS), MALWARE, MALWARE ANALYSIS, Online Systems, WUAFRLDHS1BOTN},
	url = {http://stinet.dtic.mil/oai/oai?\&verb=getRecord\&metadataPrefix=html\&identifier=ADA543919},
	author = {Lee,Wenke and Dagon,David and Giffin,Jon and Feamster, Nick and Ollman,Gunter and Westby,Jody and Wesson,Rick and Vixie,Paul}
}
@article {15324,
	title = {How Do Users Find Things with PubMed? Towards Automatic Utility Evaluation with User Simulations},
	year = {2008},
	month = {2008/02//},
	institution = {Human-Computer Interaction Lab, University of Maryland, College Park},
	abstract = {In the context of document retrieval in the biomedical domain, this paper explores the complex relationship between the quality of initial query results and the overall utility of an interactive system. We demonstrate that a content-similarity browsing tool can compensate for poor retrieval results, and that the relationship between retrieval performance and overall utility is non-linear. Arguments are advanced with user simulations, which characterize the relevance of documents that a user might encounter with different browsing strategies. With broader implications to IR, this work provides a case study of how user simulations can be exploited as a formative tool for automatic utility evaluation. Simulation-based studies provide researchers with an additional evaluation tool to complement interactive and Cranfield-style experiments.},
	keywords = {*BIOMEDICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS, *BROWSING, *INFORMATION RETRIEVAL, *PUBMED, *SIMILARITY, *SIMULATION, *USER NEEDS, DOCUMENTS, FIND-SIMILAR, HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING \& MAN MACHINE SYSTEM, INFORMATION SCIENCE, MAN COMPUTER INTERFACE, QUALITY, queries, searching, TEST AND EVALUATION, UTILITY},
	url = {http://stinet.dtic.mil/oai/oai?\&verb=getRecord\&metadataPrefix=html\&identifier=ADA478703},
	author = {Jimmy Lin and Smucker,Mark D.}
}
@article {13784,
	title = {Headline Generation for Written and Broadcast News},
	year = {2005},
	month = {2005/03//},
	institution = {Instititue for Advanced Computer Studies, Univ of Maryland, College Park},
	abstract = {This technical report is an overview of work done on Headline Generation for written and broadcast news. The report covers HMM Hedge, a statistical approach based on the noisy channel model, Hedge Trimmer, a parse-and-trim approach using linguistically motivated trimming rules, and Topiary, a combination of Trimmer and Unsupervised Topic Discovery. Automatic evaluation of summaries using ROUGE and BLEU is described and used to evaluate the Headline Generation systems.},
	keywords = {*INFORMATION RETRIEVAL, *RADIO BROADCASTING, AUTOMATIC, AUTOMATIC SUMMARIZATION, HEDGE TRIMMER, INFORMATION SCIENCE, RADIO COMMUNICATIONS, STATISTICAL PROCESSES, TEST AND EVALUATION, WORDS(LANGUAGE)},
	url = {http://stinet.dtic.mil/oai/oai?\&verb=getRecord\&metadataPrefix=html\&identifier=ADA454198},
	author = {Zajic, David and Dorr, Bonnie J and Schwartz,Richard}
}
@article {13771,
	title = {Extrinsic Evaluation of Automatic Metrics for Summarization},
	year = {2004},
	month = {2004/07/20/},
	institution = {Instititue for Advanced Computer Studies, Univ of Maryland, College Park},
	abstract = {This paper describes extrinsic-task evaluation of summarization. We show that it is possible to save time using summaries for relevance assessment without adversely impacting the degree of accuracy that would be possible with full documents. In addition, we demonstrate that the extrinsic task we have selected exhibits a high degree of interannotator agreement, i.e., consistent relevance decisions across subjects. We also conducted a composite experiment that better reflects the actual document selection process and found that using a surrogate improves the processing speed over reading the entire document. Finally, we have found a small yet statistically significant correlation between some of the intrinsic measures and a user{\textquoteright}s performance in an extrinsic task. The overall conclusion we can draw at this point is that ROUGE-1 does correlate with precision and to a somewhat lesser degree with accuracy, but that it remains to be investigated how stable these correlations are and how differences in ROUGE-1 translate into significant differences in human performance in an extrinsic task.},
	keywords = {*ABSTRACTS, *ACCURACY, *DATA SUMMARIZATION, *DOCUMENT SUMMARIES, *DOCUMENTS, *READING MACHINES, *SOFTWARE METRICS, *STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, ABSTRACT SELECTION, ANNOTATIONS, Automation, COMPUTER PROGRAMMING AND SOFTWARE, COMPUTER SYSTEMS, CORRELATION TECHNIQUES, DATA PROCESSING, DOCUMENT SUMMARIES, EXTRINSIC TASKS, Information retrieval, INFORMATION SCIENCE, PERFORMANCE(HUMAN), PRECISION, RELEVANCY, ROUGE-1 COMPUTER PROGRAM, STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY, TEST AND EVALUATION},
	url = {http://stinet.dtic.mil/oai/oai?\&verb=getRecord\&metadataPrefix=html\&identifier=ADA448065},
	author = {Dorr, Bonnie J and Monz,Christof and Oard, Douglas and President,Stacy and Zajic, David and Schwartz,Richard}
}
@article {13867,
	title = {Symbolic MT With Statistical NLP Components},
	year = {2004},
	month = {2004/06//},
	institution = {Instititue for Advanced Computer Studies, Univ of Maryland, College Park},
	abstract = {This reports provides an overview of the findings and software that have evolved from the "Symbolic MT with Statistical NLP Components" project over the last year. We present the major goals that have been achieved and discuss some of the open issues that we intend to address in the near future. This report also contains some details on the usage of some software that has been implemented during the project.},
	keywords = {*MACHINE TRANSLATION, computational linguistics, COMPUTER PROGRAMS, CYBERNETICS, DIVERGENCE UNRAVELING, GHMT(GENERATION-HEAVY MACHINE TRANSLATION), INFORMATION SCIENCE, linguistics, natural language, RESOURCE PROJECTION},
	url = {http://stinet.dtic.mil/oai/oai?\&verb=getRecord\&metadataPrefix=html\&identifier=ADA458796},
	author = {Dorr, Bonnie J and Habash,Nizar Y and Monz,Christof}
}
@article {13886,
	title = {Use of Minimal Lexical Conceptual Structures for Single-Document Summarization},
	year = {2004},
	month = {2004/06//},
	institution = {Instititue for Advanced Computer Studies, Univ of Maryland, College Park},
	abstract = {This reports provides an overview of the findings and software that have evolved from the Use of Minimal Lexical Conceptual Structures for Single-Document Summarization project over the last six months. We present the major goals that have been achieved and discuss some of the open issues that we intend to address in the near future. This report also contains some details on the usage of some software that has been implemented during the project.},
	keywords = {*COMPUTATIONAL LINGUISTICS, AUTOMATIC HEADLINE GENERATION, CYBERNETICS, DOCUMENT SUMMARIZATION, Information retrieval, INFORMATION SCIENCE, linguistics, Machine translation},
	url = {http://stinet.dtic.mil/oai/oai?\&verb=getRecord\&metadataPrefix=html\&identifier=ADA458797},
	author = {Dorr, Bonnie J and Habash,Nizar Y and Monz,Christof and Schwartz,Richard}
}
@article {13747,
	title = {Construction of a Chinese-English Verb Lexicon for Embedded Machine Translation in Cross-Language Information Retrieval},
	year = {2002},
	month = {2002/08//},
	institution = {Instititue for Advanced Computer Studies, Univ of Maryland, College Park},
	abstract = {This paper addresses the problem of automatic acquisition of lexical knowledge for rapid construction of MT engines for use in multilingual applications. We describe new techniques for large-scale construction of a Chinese-English verb lexicon and we evaluate the coverage and effectiveness of the resulting lexicon for a structured MT approach that is embedded in a cross-language information retrieval system. Leveraging off an existing Chinese conceptual database called HowNet and a large, semantically rich English verb database, we use thematic-role information to create links between Chinese concepts and English classes. We apply the metrics of recall and precision to evaluate the coverage and effectiveness of the linguistic resources. The results of this work indicate that: (1) we are able to obtain reliable Chinese-English entries both with and without pre-existing semantic links between the two languages; (2) if we have pre-existing semantic links, we are able to produce a more robust lexical resource by merging these with our semantically rich English database; (3) In our comparisons with manual lexicon creation, our automatic techniques were shown to achieve 62\% precision, compared to a much lower precision of 10\% for arbitrary assignment of semantic links.},
	keywords = {*ACQUISITION, *AUTOMATIC, *CROSS-LANGUAGE INFORMATION RETRIEVAL, *INFORMATION RETRIEVAL, *LEXICAL ACQUISITION, *MACHINE TRANSLATION, *VOCABULARY, Chinese language, CHINESE-ENGLISH LEXICONS, DATA BASES, EMBEDDED MT(MACHINE TRANSLATION) RESOURCES, EMBEDDING, English language, INFORMATION SCIENCE, linguistics, semantics, THEMATIC ROLES},
	url = {http://stinet.dtic.mil/oai/oai?\&verb=getRecord\&metadataPrefix=html\&identifier=ADA459245},
	author = {Dorr, Bonnie J and Lin,Dekang and Levow,Gina-Anne}
}
@conference {14695,
	title = {Experiences with capsule-based active networking},
	booktitle = {DARPA Active NEtworks Conference and Exposition, 2002. Proceedings},
	year = {2002},
	month = {2002///},
	pages = {16 - 24},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	abstract = {Active networking adds programmability to the elements of the network, most aggressively by using programmable packets, or capsules. ANTS [22, 21] and PLANet [10, 8] are the most mature examples of capsule-based systems, both having been publicly available for several years. This paper presents our experience with these systems and the lessons they hold for the future of capsule-based active networking. The paper focuses on four key issues: flexibility, performance, security, and usability. We consider how ANTS and PLANet address these issues, noting that despite substantial surface differences, both systems identify similar key problems and use closely related solutions. Based on our experience with these systems we conclude that capsule-based systems can achieve useful levels of flexibility, performance, and usability. Many aspects of security can also be adequately addressed, but some important problems related to denial of service remain as open problems},
	keywords = {active networking, ANTS, application-specific routing, capsule architecture, capsule-based systems, computer crime, Computer network management, Computer networks, Computer science, Contracts, Electronic switching systems, INFORMATION SCIENCE, Internet, internetworking, network management, PLANet, Planets, programmability, programmable packets, Programming, Security, Standards development, telecommunication network routing, usability},
	isbn = {0-7695-1564-9},
	doi = {10.1109/DANCE.2002.1003481},
	author = {Hicks, Michael W. and Moore,J. T and Wetherall,D. and Nettles,S.}
}
@article {13827,
	title = {Mapping WorldNet Senses to a Lexical Database of Verbs},
	year = {2001},
	month = {2001/01//},
	institution = {Instititue for Advanced Computer Studies, Univ of Maryland, College Park},
	abstract = {This paper describes automatic techniques for mapping 9611 semantically classified English verbs to WordNet senses. The verbs were initially grouped into 491 semantic classes based on syntactic categories; they were then mapped into WordNet senses according to three pieces of information: (1) prior probability of WordNet senses; (2) semantic similarity of WordNet senses for verbs within the same category; and (3) probabilistic correlations between WordNet relationship and verb frame data. Our techniques make use of a training set of 1791 disambiguated entries representing 1442 verbs occurring in 167 of the categories. The best results achieved .58 recall and .72 precision, versus a lower bound of .38 recall and .62 precision for assigning the most frequently occurring WordNet sense, and an upper bound of .75 recall and .87 precision for human judgment.},
	keywords = {*DATA BASES, *ENGLISH LANGUAGE, *LEXICAL DATABASES, *LEXICOGRAPHY, *MAPPING, *VERBS, *WORD MAPPING, *WORDNET, AMBIGUITY, correlation, FRAMES, Frequency, INFORMATION SCIENCE, JUDGEMENT(PSYCHOLOGY), linguistics, PRECISION, probability, RECALL, semantics, syntax, WORDS(LANGUAGE), WSD(WORD SENSE DISAMBIGUATION)},
	url = {http://stinet.dtic.mil/oai/oai?\&verb=getRecord\&metadataPrefix=html\&identifier=ADA458846},
	author = {Green,Rebecca and Pearl,Lisa and Dorr, Bonnie J}
}
@conference {14725,
	title = {Practical programmable packets},
	booktitle = {IEEE INFOCOM 2001. Twentieth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies. Proceedings},
	volume = {1},
	year = {2001},
	month = {2001///},
	pages = {41-50 vol.1 - 41-50 vol.1},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	abstract = {We present SNAP (safe and nimble active packets), a new scheme for programmable (or active) packets centered around a new low-level packet language. Unlike previous active packet approaches, SNAP is practical: namely, adding significant flexibility over IP without compromising safety and security or efficiency. In this paper we show how to compile from the well-known active picket language PLAN to SNAP, showing that SNAP retains PLAN{\textquoteright}s flexibility; give proof sketches of its novel approach to resource control; and present experimental data showing SNAP attains performance very close to that of a software IP router},
	keywords = {active picket language, Application software, complier, Contracts, Data security, efficiency, Explosives, INFORMATION SCIENCE, Internet, IP, IP networks, low-level packet language, packet switching, performance, PLAN, practical programmable packets, program compilers, Protection, resource control, Resource management, safe and nimble active packets, Safety, Security, SNAP, software IP router, Software performance, telecommunication security, Transport protocols},
	isbn = {0-7803-7016-3},
	doi = {10.1109/INFCOM.2001.916685},
	author = {Moore,J. T and Hicks, Michael W. and Nettles,S.}
}
@article {13737,
	title = {Chinese-English Semantic Resource Construction},
	year = {2000},
	month = {2000/06//},
	institution = {Instititue for Advanced Computer Studies, Univ of Maryland, College Park},
	abstract = {We describe an approach to large-scale construction of a semantic lexicon for Chinese verbs. We leverage off of three existing resources-- a classification of English verbs called EVCA (English Verbs Classes and Alternations), a Chinese conceptual database called HowNet, and a large-machine readable dictionary called Optilex. The resulting lexicon is used for determining appropriate word senses in applications such as machine translation and cross-language information retrieval.},
	keywords = {*CHINESE LANGUAGE, *ENGLISH LANGUAGE, *LEXICONS, *SEMANTICS, *VERBS, *WORD SENSES, *WORDS(LANGUAGE), classification, CONCEPTS, CONSTRUCTION, Dictionaries, INFORMATION SCIENCE, linguistics, VERB CLASSES, Vocabulary},
	url = {http://stinet.dtic.mil/oai/oai?\&verb=getRecord\&metadataPrefix=html\&identifier=ADA458703},
	author = {Dorr, Bonnie J and Levow,Gina-Anne and Lin,Dekang and Thomas,Scott}
}
@article {13809,
	title = {Large-Scale Construction of a Chinese-English Semantic Hierarchy},
	year = {2000},
	month = {2000/04//},
	institution = {Instititue for Advanced Computer Studies, Univ of Maryland, College Park},
	abstract = {This paper addresses the problem of building conceptual resources for multilingual applications. We describe new techniques for large-scale construction of a semantic hierarchy for Chinese verbs, using thematic-role information to create links between Chinese concepts and English classes. We then present an approach to compensating for gaps in the existing resources. The resulting hierarchy is used for a multilingual lexicon for Chinese-English machine translation and cross-language information retrieval applications.},
	keywords = {*CHINESE VERBS, *HIERARCHIES, *SEMANTICS, CHINA, CROSS CORRELATION, Information retrieval, INFORMATION SCIENCE, LANGUAGE, LEXICONS, linguistics, Machine translation, MULTILINGUAL, operations research, SYSTEMS APPROACH},
	url = {http://stinet.dtic.mil/oai/oai?\&verb=getRecord\&metadataPrefix=html\&identifier=ADA458682},
	author = {Dorr, Bonnie J and Levow,Gina-Anne and Lin,Dekang}
}
@conference {14723,
	title = {PLANet: an active internetwork},
	booktitle = {IEEE INFOCOM {\textquoteright}99. Eighteenth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies. Proceedings},
	volume = {3},
	year = {1999},
	month = {1999/03/21/25},
	pages = {1124-1133 vol.3 - 1124-1133 vol.3},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	abstract = {We present PLANet: an active network architecture and implementation. In addition to a standard suite of Internet-like services, PLANet has two key programmability features: (1) all packets contain programs; and (2) router functionality may be extended dynamically. Packet programs are written in our special purpose programming language PLAN, the Packet Language for Active Networks, while dynamic router extensions are written in OCaml, a dialect of ML. Currently, PLANet routers run as byte-code-interpreted Linux user-space applications, and support Ethernet and IP as link layers. PLANet achieves respectable performance on standard networking operations: on 300 MHz Pentium-II{\textquoteright}s attached to 100 Mbps Ethernet, PLANet can route 48 Mbps and switch over 5000 packets per second. We demonstrate the utility of PLANet{\textquoteright}s activeness by showing experimentally how it can nontrivially improve application and aggregate network performance in congested conditions},
	keywords = {100 Mbit/s, 300 MHz, 48 Mbit/s, active internetwork, active network architecture, active network implementation, byte-code-interpreted applications, Computer architecture, Computer languages, Computer networks, congested conditions, dynamic programming, dynamic router extensions, Ethernet, Ethernet networks, INFORMATION SCIENCE, Internet, Internet-like services, internetworking, IP, IP networks, link layers, Linux user-space applications, Local area networks, ML dialect, Network performance, networking operations, OCaml, Packet Language for Active Networks, packet programs, packet switching, Pentium-II, performance, performance evaluation, PLAN, PLANet, Planets, programmability features, programming languages, router functionality, special purpose programming language, Switches, telecommunication network routing, Transport protocols, Web and internet services},
	isbn = {0-7803-5417-6},
	doi = {10.1109/INFCOM.1999.751668},
	author = {Hicks, Michael W. and Moore,J. T and Alexander,D. S and Gunter,C. A and Nettles,S. M}
}
@article {16718,
	title = {The Bible, Truth, and Multilingual OCR Evaluation},
	year = {1998},
	month = {1998/12//},
	institution = {University of Maryland, College Park},
	abstract = {Multilingual OCR has emerged as an important information technology, thanks to the increasing need for cross-language information access. While many research groups and companies have developed OCR algorithms for various languages, it is difficult to compare the performance of these OCR algorithms across languages. This difficulty arises because most evaluation methodologies rely on the use of a document image dataset in each of the languages and it is difficult to find document datasets in different languages that are similar in content and layout. In this paper we propose to use the Bible as a dataset for comparing OCR accuracy across languages. Besides being available in a wide range of languages, Bible translation are closely parallel in content, carefully translated, surprisingly relevant with respect to modern-day language, and quite inexpensive. A project at the University of Maryland is currently implementing this idea. We have created a scanned image dataset with groundtruth from an Arabic Bible. We have also used image degradation models to create synthetically degraded images of a French Bible. We hope to generate similar Bible datasets for other languages, and we are exploring alternative corpora such as the Koran and the Bhagavad Gita that have similar properties. Quantitative OCR evaluation based on the Arabic Bible dataset is currently in progress.},
	keywords = {*BIBLE, *CORPUS, *DATASETS, *GROUNDTRUTH, *OPTICAL CHARACTER RECOGNITION, *TEST SETS, *TRANSLATIONS, accuracy, algorithms, CYBERNETICS, DOCUMENT IMAGES, DOCUMENTS, IMAGES, INFORMATION SCIENCE, LANGUAGE, linguistics, MULTILINGUAL OCR(OPTICAL CHARACTER RECOGNITION), SYMPOSIA, TEST AND EVALUATION},
	url = {http://stinet.dtic.mil/oai/oai?\&verb=getRecord\&metadataPrefix=html\&identifier=ADA458666},
	author = {Kanungo,Tapas and Resnik, Philip}
}
@article {13819,
	title = {LEXICALL: Lexicon Construction for Foreign Language Tutoring},
	year = {1997},
	month = {1997///},
	institution = {Instititue for Advanced Computer Studies, Univ of Maryland, College Park},
	abstract = {We focus on the problem of building large repositories of lexical conceptual structure (LCS) representations for verbs in multiple languages. One of the main results of this work is the definition of a relation between broad semantic classes and LCS meaning components. Our acquisition program LEXICALL takes, as input, the result of previous work on verb classification and thematic grid tagging, and outputs LCS representations for different languages. These representations have been ported into English, Arabic and Spanish lexicons, each containing approximately 9000 verbs. We are currently using these lexicons in an operational foreign language tutoring and machine translation.},
	keywords = {*DATA ACQUISITION, *FOREIGN LANGUAGES, *MACHINE TRANSLATION, GRIDS, INFORMATION SCIENCE, LEXICOGRAPHY, LEXICONS, linguistics, Vocabulary},
	url = {http://stinet.dtic.mil/oai/oai?\&verb=getRecord\&metadataPrefix=html\&identifier=ADA458641},
	author = {Dorr, Bonnie J}
}
