@article {12991,
	title = {DNA sequence variation in the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region of freshwater {\i}t Cladophora species (Chlorophyta)},
	journal = {J Phycol},
	volume = {32},
	year = {1996},
	month = {1996/12//},
	pages = {1035 - 1042},
	abstract = {Freshwater species of Cladophora (Chlorophyta) are globally distributed and occupy an unusually wide range of ecological habitats. Delineating species is difficult because most easily observed morphological traits are highly variable and because sexual reproduction has not been clearly documented. Synthesizing ecological data on freshwater Cladophora species is problematic because it is unclear whether freshwater Cladophora species comprise many genetically distinct species or a few ecologically and morphologically variable and / or plastic species. We determined nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the nuclear ribosomal cistron of freshwater Cladophora species from a wide range of habitats and geographic locations. We compared these sequences to those derived from culture collections of C. fracta and C. glomerata, the two most commonly reported freshwater Cladophora species. Cladophora fracta and C. glomerata had very similar ITS sequences (95.3\%). All other sequences were identical to those from the C. fracta or C. glomerata culture collections with the exception of one California sample that was similar to both C. fracta (95.6\%) and C. glomerata (92.4\%). ITS genotypes did not correlate with morphology or geography. This analysis shows that common freshwater Cladophora species comprise very few (possibly one) ecologically and morphologically variable species.},
	keywords = {algae;, Chlorophyta;, Cladophora;, diversity;, freshwater, genetic, internal, spacer, transcribed},
	author = {Marks,J. C and Cummings, Michael P.}
}
@article {13704,
	title = {A Lexical Conceptual Approach to Generation for Machine Translation},
	year = {1988},
	month = {1988/01//},
	institution = {MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LAB},
	abstract = {Current approaches to generation for machine translation make use of direct-replacement templates, large grammars, and knowledge-based inferencing techniques. Not only are rules language-specific, but they are too simplistic to handle sentences that exhibit more complex phenomena. Furthermore, these systems are not easily extendable to other languages because the rules that map the internal representation to the surface form are entirely dependent on both the domain of the system and the language being generated. Finally an adequate interlingual representation has not yet been discovered; thus, knowledge-based inferencing is necessary and syntactic cross-linguistic generalization cannot be exploited. This report introduces a plan for the development of a theoretically based computational scheme of natural language generation for a translation system. The emphasis of the project is the mapping from the lexical conceptual structure of sentences to an underlying or base syntactic structure called deep structure. This approach tackles the problems of thematic and structural divergence, i.e., it allows generation of target language sentences that are not thematically or structurally equivalent to their conceptually equivalent source language counterparts. Two other more secondary tasks, construction of a dictionary and mapping from deep structure to surface structure, will also be discussed. The generator operates on a constrained grammatical theory rather than on a set of surface level tranformations.},
	keywords = {*MACHINE TRANSLATION, *NATURAL LANGUAGE, *SYSTEMS APPROACH, COMPUTATIONS, CYBERNETICS, Dictionaries, grammars, internal, LEXICOGRAPHY, SURFACES, syntax, THEORY, TRANSLATIONS, WORDS(LANGUAGE)},
	url = {http://stinet.dtic.mil/oai/oai?\&verb=getRecord\&metadataPrefix=html\&identifier=ADA197356},
	author = {Dorr, Bonnie J}
}
