@article {12864,
	title = {Long-term effects of ocean warming on the prokaryotic community: evidence from the <i>vibrios</i>},
	journal = {The ISME Journal},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2011},
	month = {2011/07/14/},
	pages = {21 - 30},
	abstract = {The long-term effects of ocean warming on prokaryotic communities are unknown because of lack of historical data. We overcame this gap by applying a retrospective molecular analysis to the bacterial community on formalin-fixed samples from the historical Continuous Plankton Recorder archive, which is one of the longest and most geographically extensive collections of marine biological samples in the world. We showed that during the last half century, ubiquitous marine bacteria of the Vibrio genus, including Vibrio cholerae, increased in dominance within the plankton-associated bacterial community of the North Sea, where an unprecedented increase in bathing infections related to these bacteria was recently reported. Among environmental variables, increased sea surface temperature explained 45\% of the variance in Vibrio data, supporting the view that ocean warming is favouring the spread of vibrios and may be the cause of the globally increasing trend in their associated diseases.},
	keywords = {ecophysiology, ecosystems, environmental biotechnology, geomicrobiology, ISME J, microbe interactions, microbial communities, microbial ecology, microbial engineering, microbial epidemiology, microbial genomics, microorganisms},
	isbn = {1751-7362},
	doi = {10.1038/ismej.2011.89},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/ismej/journal/v6/n1/full/ismej201189a.html?WT.ec_id=ISMEJ-201201},
	author = {Vezzulli,Luigi and Brettar,Ingrid and Pezzati,Elisabetta and Reid,Philip C. and Rita R Colwell and H{\"o}fle,Manfred G. and Pruzzo,Carla}
}
@article {12860,
	title = {Temperature regulation of virulence factors in the pathogen <i>Vibrio coralliilyticus</i>},
	journal = {The ISME Journal},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2011},
	month = {2011/12/08/},
	pages = {835 - 846},
	abstract = {Sea surface temperatures (SST) are rising because of global climate change. As a result, pathogenic Vibrio species that infect humans and marine organisms during warmer summer months are of growing concern. Coral reefs, in particular, are already experiencing unprecedented degradation worldwide due in part to infectious disease outbreaks and bleaching episodes that are exacerbated by increasing SST. For example, Vibrio coralliilyticus, a globally distributed bacterium associated with multiple coral diseases, infects corals at temperatures above 27 {\textdegree}C. The mechanisms underlying this temperature-dependent pathogenicity, however, are unknown. In this study, we identify potential virulence mechanisms using whole genome sequencing of V. coralliilyticus ATCC (American Type Culture Collection) BAA-450. Furthermore, we demonstrate direct temperature regulation of numerous virulence factors using proteomic analysis and bioassays. Virulence factors involved in motility, host degradation, secretion, antimicrobial resistance and transcriptional regulation are upregulated at the higher virulent temperature of 27 {\textdegree}C, concurrent with phenotypic changes in motility, antibiotic resistance, hemolysis, cytotoxicity and bioluminescence. These results provide evidence that temperature regulates multiple virulence mechanisms in V. coralliilyticus, independent of abundance. The ecological and biological significance of this temperature-dependent virulence response is reinforced by climate change models that predict tropical SST to consistently exceed 27 {\textdegree}C during the spring, summer and fall seasons. We propose V. coralliilyticus as a model Gram-negative bacterium to study temperature-dependent pathogenicity in Vibrio-related diseases.},
	keywords = {ecophysiology, ecosystems, environmental biotechnology, geomicrobiology, ISME J, microbe interactions, microbial communities, microbial ecology, microbial engineering, microbial epidemiology, microbial genomics, microorganisms},
	isbn = {1751-7362},
	doi = {10.1038/ismej.2011.154},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/ismej/journal/v6/n4/full/ismej2011154a.html},
	author = {Kimes,Nikole E. and Grim,Christopher J. and Johnson,Wesley R. and Hasan,Nur A. and Tall,Ben D. and Kothary,Mahendra H. and Kiss,Hajnalka and Munk,A. Christine and Tapia,Roxanne and Green,Lance and Detter,Chris and Bruce,David C. and Brettin,Thomas S. and Rita R Colwell and Morris,Pamela J.}
}
@article {12919,
	title = {Recovery in culture of viable but nonculturable Vibrio parahaemolyticus: regrowth or resuscitation?},
	journal = {The ISME Journal},
	volume = {1},
	year = {2007},
	month = {2007/05/10/},
	pages = {111 - 120},
	abstract = {The objective of this study was to explore the recovery of culturability of viable but nonculturable (VBNC) Vibrio parahaemolyticus after temperature upshift and to determine whether regrowth or resuscitation occurred. A clinical strain of V. parahaemolyticus Vp5 was rendered VBNC by exposure to artificial seawater (ASW) at 4{\textdegree}C. Aliquots of the ASW suspension of cells (0.1, 1 and 10 ml) were subjected to increased temperatures of 20{\textdegree}C and 37{\textdegree}C. Culturability of the cells in the aliquots was monitored for colony formation on a rich medium and changes in morphology were measured by scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy. Samples of VBNC cells were fixed and examined by SEM, revealing a heterogeneous population comprising small cells and larger, flattened cells. Forty-eight hours after temperature upshift to 20{\textdegree}C or 37{\textdegree}C, both elongation and division by binary fission of the cells were observed, employing SEM and TEM, but only in the 10-ml aliquots. The results suggest that a portion of VBNC cells is able to undergo cell division. It is concluded that a portion of VBNC cells of V. parahaemolyticus subjected to cold temperatures remain viable. After temperature upshift, regrowth of those cells, rather than resuscitation of all bacteria of the initial inoculum, appears to be responsible for recovery of culturability of VBNC cells of V. parahaemolyticus. Nutrient in filtrates of VBNC cells is hypothesized to allow growth of the temperature-responsive cells, with cell division occurring via binary fission, but also including an atypical, asymmetric cell division.},
	keywords = {ecophysiology, ecosystems, environmental biotechnology, geomicrobiology, ISME J, microbe interactions, microbial communities, microbial ecology, microbial engineering, microbial epidemiology, microbial genomics, microorganisms},
	isbn = {1751-7362},
	doi = {10.1038/ismej.2007.1},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/ismej/journal/v1/n2/full/ismej20071a.html},
	author = {Coutard,Fran|[ccedil]|ois and Crassous,Philippe and Droguet,Micka|[euml]|l and Gobin,Eric and Rita R Colwell and Pommepuy,Monique and Hervio-Heath,Dominique}
}
