@conference {17144,
	title = {EventGraphs: Charting Collections of Conference Connections},
	booktitle = {2011 44th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS)},
	year = {2011},
	month = {2011/01/04/7},
	pages = {1 - 10},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	abstract = {EventGraphs are social media network diagrams of conversations related to events, such as conferences. Many conferences now communicate a common "hashtag" or keyword to identify messages related to the event. EventGraphs help make sense of the collections of connections that form when people follow, reply or mention one another and a keyword. This paper defines EventGraphs, characterizes different types, and shows how the social media network analysis add-in NodeXL supports their creation and analysis. The structural patterns to look for in EventGraphs are highlighted and design ideas for their improvement are discussed.},
	keywords = {conference connections, Conferences, Data visualization, EventGraphs, hashtag, measurement, Media, message identification, multimedia computing, NodeXL, Real time systems, social media network diagrams, social networking (online), Twitter},
	isbn = {978-1-4244-9618-1},
	doi = {10.1109/HICSS.2011.196},
	author = {Hansen,D. and Smith,M. A and Shneiderman, Ben}
}
@conference {14251,
	title = {Real-time shape retrieval for robotics using skip Tri-Grams},
	booktitle = {IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, 2009. IROS 2009},
	year = {2009},
	month = {2009/10/10/15},
	pages = {4731 - 4738},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	abstract = {The real time requirement is an additional constraint on many intelligent applications in robotics, such as shape recognition and retrieval using a mobile robot platform. In this paper, we present a scalable approach for efficiently retrieving closed contour shapes. The contour of an object is represented by piecewise linear segments. A skip Tri-Gram is obtained by selecting three segments in the clockwise order while allowing a constant number of segments to be {\~A}{\^A}{\textquestiondown}skipped{\~A}{\^A}{\textquestiondown} in between. The main idea is to use skip Tri-Grams of the segments to implicitly encode the distant dependency of the shape. All skip Tri-Grams are used for efficiently retrieving closed contour shapes without pairwise matching feature points from two shapes. The retrieval is at least an order of magnitude faster than other state-of-the-art algorithms. We score 80\% in the Bullseye retrieval test on the whole MPEG 7 shape dataset. We further test the algorithm using a mobile robot platform in an indoor environment. 8 objects are used for testing from different viewing directions, and we achieve 82\% accuracy.},
	keywords = {Bullseye retrieval test, Clocks, closed contour shape retrieval, Image retrieval, Image segmentation, Indexing, Information retrieval, Intelligent robots, Jacobian matrices, mobile robot, Mobile robots, MPEG 7 shape dataset, piecewise linear segments, Piecewise linear techniques, Real time systems, real-time shape retrieval, robot vision, SHAPE, shape recognition, shape representation, skip Tri-Grams, Testing},
	isbn = {978-1-4244-3803-7},
	doi = {10.1109/IROS.2009.5354738},
	author = {Li,Yi and Bitsakos,K. and Ferm{\"u}ller, Cornelia and Aloimonos, J.}
}
@conference {13393,
	title = {Online Filtering, Smoothing and Probabilistic Modeling of Streaming data},
	booktitle = {IEEE 24th International Conference on Data Engineering, 2008. ICDE 2008},
	year = {2008},
	month = {2008/04/07/12},
	pages = {1160 - 1169},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	abstract = {In this paper, we address the problem of extending a relational database system to facilitate efficient real-time application of dynamic probabilistic models to streaming data. We use the recently proposed abstraction of model-based views for this purpose, by allowing users to declaratively specify the model to be applied, and by presenting the output of the models to the user as a probabilistic database view. We support declarative querying over such views using an extended version of SQL that allows for querying probabilistic data. Underneath we use particle filters, a class of sequential Monte Carlo algorithms, to represent the present and historical states of the model as sets of weighted samples (particles) that are kept up-to-date as new data arrives. We develop novel techniques to convert the queries on the model-based view directly into queries over particle tables, enabling highly efficient query processing. Finally, we present experimental evaluation of our prototype implementation over several synthetic and real datasets, that demonstrates the feasibility of online modeling of streaming data using our system and establishes the advantages of tight integration between dynamic probabilistic models and databases.},
	keywords = {Data analysis, data streaming, declarative query, dynamic probabilistic model, Filtering, Global Positioning System, hidden Markov models, Monitoring, Monte Carlo methods, Noise generators, Noise measurement, online filtering, particle filter, particle filtering (numerical methods), probabilistic database view, probability, Real time systems, real-time application, relational database system, Relational databases, sequential Monte Carlo algorithm, Smoothing methods, SQL},
	isbn = {978-1-4244-1836-7},
	doi = {10.1109/ICDE.2008.4497525},
	author = {Kanagal,B. and Deshpande, Amol}
}
@article {18459,
	title = {Rendering localized spatial audio in a virtual auditory space},
	journal = {IEEE Transactions on Multimedia},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2004},
	month = {2004/08//},
	pages = {553 - 564},
	abstract = {High-quality virtual audio scene rendering is required for emerging virtual and augmented reality applications, perceptual user interfaces, and sonification of data. We describe algorithms for creation of virtual auditory spaces by rendering cues that arise from anatomical scattering, environmental scattering, and dynamical effects. We use a novel way of personalizing the head related transfer functions (HRTFs) from a database, based on anatomical measurements. Details of algorithms for HRTF interpolation, room impulse response creation, HRTF selection from a database, and audio scene presentation are presented. Our system runs in real time on an office PC without specialized DSP hardware.},
	keywords = {-D audio processing, 3-D audio processing, Audio databases, audio signal processing, audio user interfaces, augmented reality, data sonification, Digital signal processing, head related transfer functions, head-related transfer function, Interpolation, Layout, perceptual user interfaces, Real time systems, Rendering (computer graphics), Scattering, spatial audio, Transfer functions, User interfaces, virtual audio scene rendering, virtual auditory spaces, virtual environments, Virtual reality, virtual reality environments},
	isbn = {1520-9210},
	doi = {10.1109/TMM.2004.827516},
	author = {Zotkin,Dmitry N and Duraiswami, Ramani and Davis, Larry S.}
}
@conference {12381,
	title = {Exploring the probabilistic design space of multimedia systems},
	booktitle = {14th IEEE International Workshop on Rapid Systems Prototyping, 2003. Proceedings},
	year = {2003},
	month = {2003/06/09/11},
	pages = {233 - 240},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	abstract = {In this paper, we propose the novel concept of probabilistic design for multimedia systems and a methodology to quickly explore such design space at an early design stage. The probabilistic design is motivated by the challenge of how to design, but not over-design, multimedia embedded systems while systematically incorporating such application{\textquoteright}s performance requirements, uncertainties in execution time, and tolerance for reasonable execution failures. Our goal is to bridge the gap between real-time analysis and embedded software implementation for rapid and economic (multimedia) system prototyping. Our method takes advantage of multimedia system{\textquoteright}s unique features mentioned above to relax the rigid hardware requirements for software implementation and eventually avoid over-designing the system.},
	keywords = {economic system prototyping, embedded software implementation, Embedded system, Energy consumption, execution time uncertainties, Hardware, multimedia embedded systems, multimedia system prototyping, multimedia systems, performance requirements, probabilistic design space, rapid system prototyping, Real time systems, real-time analysis, reasonable execution failure tolerance, Resource management, software prototyping, Space exploration, Streaming media, systems analysis, Timing, Uncertainty},
	isbn = {0-7695-1943-1},
	doi = {10.1109/IWRSP.2003.1207053},
	author = {Shaoxiong Hua and Gang Qu and Bhattacharyya, Shuvra S.}
}
@conference {18463,
	title = {An audio-video front-end for multimedia applications},
	booktitle = {2000 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2000},
	month = {2000///},
	pages = {786-791 vol.2 - 786-791 vol.2},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	abstract = {Applications such as video gaming, virtual reality, multimodal user interfaces and videoconferencing, require systems that can locate and track persons in a room through a combination of visual and audio cues, enhance the sound that they produce, and perform identification. We describe the development of a particular multimodal sensor fusion system that is portable, runs in real time and achieves these objectives. The system employs novel algorithms for acoustical source location, video-based person tracking and overall system control, which are also described},
	keywords = {Acoustic noise, acoustical source location, Application software, audio cues, audio-video front-end, CAMERAS, Computer vision, Microphones, multimedia applications, multimedia systems, multimodal sensor fusion system, multimodal user interfaces, Position measurement, REAL TIME, Real time systems, real-time systems, sensor fusion, sound, Speech recognition, User interfaces, video cameras, video gaming, video-based person tracking, Videoconference, videoconferencing, Virtual reality, visual cues, Working environment noise},
	isbn = {0-7803-6583-6},
	doi = {10.1109/ICSMC.2000.885945},
	author = {Zotkin,Dmitry N and Duraiswami, Ramani and Davis, Larry S. and Haritaoglu,I.}
}
@article {14804,
	title = {Modeling and evaluating design alternatives for an on-line instrumentation system: a case study},
	journal = {IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering},
	volume = {24},
	year = {1998},
	month = {1998/06//},
	pages = {451 - 470},
	abstract = {This paper demonstrates the use of a model-based evaluation approach for instrumentation systems (ISs). The overall objective of this study is to provide early feedback to tool developers regarding IS overhead and performance; such feedback helps developers make appropriate design decisions about alternative system configurations and task scheduling policies. We consider three types of system architectures: network of workstations (NOW), symmetric multiprocessors (SMP), and massively parallel processing (MPP) systems. We develop a Resource OCCupancy (ROCC) model for an on-line IS for an existing tool and parameterize it for an IBM SP-2 platform. This model is simulated to answer several {\textquotedblleft}what if{\textquotedblright} questions regarding two policies to schedule instrumentation data forwarding: collect-and-forward (CF) and batch-and-forward (BF). In addition, this study investigates two alternatives for forwarding the instrumentation data: direct and binary tree forwarding for an MPP system. Simulation results indicate that the BF policy can significantly reduce the overhead and that the tree forwarding configuration exhibits desirable scalability characteristics for MPP systems. Initial measurement-based testing results indicate more than 60 percent reduction in the direct IS overhead when the BF policy was added to Paradyn parallel performance measurement tool},
	keywords = {alternative system configurations, Application software, batch-and-forward, collect-and-forward, Computer aided software engineering, design alternatives, design decisions, Feedback, IBM SP-2 platform, Instruments, massively parallel processing, model-based evaluation approach, Monitoring, multiprocessing programs, on-line instrumentation system, Paradyn parallel performance measurement tool, PARALLEL PROCESSING, Real time systems, scalability characteristics, software metrics, software tools, Space technology, symmetric multiprocessors, system architectures, system monitoring, System testing, task scheduling policies, tool developers, tree forwarding configuration, Workstations},
	isbn = {0098-5589},
	doi = {10.1109/32.689402},
	author = {Waheed, A. and Rover, D. T and Hollingsworth, Jeffrey K}
}
@conference {14787,
	title = {Modeling, Evaluation, and Testing of Paradyn Instrumentation System},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1996 ACM/IEEE Conference on Supercomputing, 1996},
	year = {1996},
	month = {1996///},
	pages = {18 - 18},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	abstract = {This paper presents a case study of modeling, evaluating, and testing the data collection services (called an instrumentation system) of the Paradyn parallel performance measurement tool using well-known performance evaluation and experiment design techniques. The overall objective of the study is to use modeling- and simulation-based evaluation to provide feedback to the tool developers to help them choose system configurations and task scheduling policies that can significantly reduce the data collection overheads. We develop and parameterize a resource occupancy model for the Paradyn instrumentation system (IS) for an IBM SP-2 platform. This model is parameterized with a measurement-based workload characterization and subsequently used to answer several "what if" questions regarding configuration options and two policies to schedule instrumentation system tasks: collect-and-forward (CF) and batch-and-forward (BF) policies. Simulation results indicate that the BF policy can significantly reduce the overheads. Based on this feedback, the BF policy was implemented in the Paradyn IS as an option to manage the data collection. Measurement-based testing results obtained from this enhanced version of the Paradyn IS are reported in this paper and indicate more than 60\% reduction in the direct IS overheads when the BF policy is used.},
	keywords = {Distributed control, Feedback, High performance computing, Instruments, Monitoring, Real time systems, Software measurement, Software systems, Software testing, System testing},
	isbn = {0-89791-854-1},
	doi = {10.1109/SUPERC.1996.183524},
	author = {Waheed, A. and Rover, D. T and Hollingsworth, Jeffrey K}
}
@conference {12783,
	title = {Verifying an intelligent structural control system: a case study},
	booktitle = {Real-Time Systems Symposium, 1994., Proceedings.},
	year = {1994},
	month = {1994/12/07/9},
	pages = {271 - 275},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	abstract = {Describes the formal verification of the timing properties of the design of an intelligent structural control system using the Concurrency Workbench, an automatic verification tool for finite-state processes. The high-level design of the system is first given in Modechart, a graphical specification language for real-time systems, and then translated into a temporal process algebra supported by the Workbench. The facilities provided by this tool are then used to analyze the system and ultimately show it to be correct},
	keywords = {automatic verification tool, case study, Concurrency Workbench, Distributed computing, Distributed control, distributed processing, finite automata, finite-state processes, formal verification, graphical specification language, high-level design, intelligent control, intelligent structural control system verification, Logic, Modechart, Process algebra, Real time systems, real-time systems, Specification languages, structural engineering computing, temporal logic, temporal process algebra, time-varying systems, Timing, timing properties, visual languages},
	isbn = {0-8186-6600-5},
	doi = {10.1109/REAL.1994.342708},
	author = {Elseaidy,W. M and Cleaveland, Rance and Baugh,J. W.}
}
@conference {12796,
	title = {RTSL: a language for real-time schedulability analysis},
	booktitle = {Real-Time Systems Symposium, 1993., Proceedings.},
	year = {1993},
	month = {1993/12/01/3},
	pages = {274 - 283},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	abstract = {The paper develops a generalized approach to schedulability analysis that is mathematically founded in a process algebra called RTSL. Within RTSL one may describe the functional behavior, timing behavior, timing constraints (or deadlines), and scheduling discipline for real-time systems. The formal semantics of RTSL then allows the reachable state space of finite state systems to be automatically generated and searched for timing exceptions. We provide a generalized schedulability analysis technique to perform this state-based analysis},
	keywords = {Algebra, Algorithm design and analysis, Dynamic scheduling, Failure analysis, finite state machines, finite state systems, formal logic, formal semantics, functional behavior, generalized approach, generalized schedulability analysis technique, Process algebra, Processor scheduling, reachable state space, Real time systems, real-time schedulability analysis, Real-Time Specification Language, real-time systems, RTSL, scheduling, Scheduling algorithm, scheduling discipline, Specification languages, state-based analysis, State-space methods, Time factors, Timing, timing behavior, timing constraints, timing exceptions},
	isbn = {0-8186-4480-X},
	doi = {10.1109/REAL.1993.393489},
	author = {Fredette,A. N and Cleaveland, Rance}
}
@conference {12836,
	title = {A theory of testing for real-time},
	booktitle = {, Proceedings of Sixth Annual IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science, 1991. LICS {\textquoteright}91},
	year = {1991},
	month = {1991/07/15/18},
	pages = {110 - 119},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	abstract = {A framework for generating testing preorders that relate processes on the basis of their timing behavior as well as their degree of relative nondeterminism is developed. The basic concepts of transition systems and testing are reviewed, and timed testing, which takes account of the delay exhibited by a process as it attempts to pass a test, is introduced. The framework is then applied to two different scenarios. In the first, relations are constructed that relate processes on the basis of all timing considerations. In the second, relations are constructed that relate processes on the basis of their relative speeds. In both cases, alternative denotational characterizations of the resulting preorders are presented, and examples are given to illustrate the utility of the approach},
	keywords = {Algebra, Character generation, Computer science, Delay, formal logic, Licenses, nondeterminism, Process control, Protocols, Real time systems, real-time, System testing, testing preorders, testing theory, timed testing, Timing, timing behavior, transition systems},
	isbn = {0-8186-2230-X},
	doi = {10.1109/LICS.1991.151635},
	author = {Cleaveland, Rance and Zwarico,A. E}
}
@article {16788,
	title = {Timing Requirements for Time-Driven Systems Using Augmented Petri Nets},
	journal = {IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering},
	volume = {SE-9},
	year = {1983},
	month = {1983/09//},
	pages = {603 - 616},
	abstract = {A methodology for the statement of timing requirements is presented for a class of embedded computer systems. The notion of a "time-driven" system is introduced which is formalized using a Petri net model augmented with timing information. Several subclasses of time-driven systems are defined with increasing levels of complexity. By deriving the conditions under which the Petri net model can be proven to be safe in the presence of time, timing requirements for modules in the system can be obtained. Analytical techniques are developed for proving safeness in the presence of time for the net constructions used in the defined subclasses of time-driven systems.},
	keywords = {Application software, Concurrent computing, Control systems, Embedded computing, Embedded system, Helium, Modeling methodology, performance specifications, Petri nets, Power system modeling, Real time systems, real-time systems, Timing, timing requirements},
	isbn = {0098-5589},
	doi = {10.1109/TSE.1983.235261},
	author = {Coolahan,J. E. and Roussopoulos, Nick}
}
