@proceedings {20156,
	title = {Deep-learning-assisted visualization for live-cell images},
	year = {2017},
	month = {09/2017},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	address = {Beijing, China},
	abstract = {Analyzing live-cell images is particularly challenging because cells move at the same time they undergo systematic changes. Visually inspecting live-cell images therefore involves simultaneously tracking individual cells and detecting relevant spatio-temporal changes. The high cognitive burden of such a complex task makes this kind of analysis inefficient and error-prone. In this paper we describe a deep-learning-assisted visualization based on automatically derived high-level features to identify target cell changes in live-cell images. Applying a novel user-mediated color assignment scheme that maps abstract features into corresponding colors, we create color-based visual annotations that facilitate visual reasoning and analysis of complex time varying
live-cell imagery datasets. The visual representations
can be used to study temporal changes in cells, such as the morphological changes in cell at various stages of life cycle.},
	keywords = {deep learning, live-cell images, Visualization},
	author = {Hsueh-Chien Cheng and Cardone, Antonio and Krokos, Eric and Stoica, Bogdan and Faden, Alan and Varshney, Amitabh}
}
@conference {19441,
	title = {A Dive into Online Community Properties},
	booktitle = {CSCW {\textquoteright}11},
	series = {CSCW {\textquoteright}11},
	year = {2011},
	month = {2011///},
	pages = {725 - 728},
	publisher = {ACM},
	organization = {ACM},
	abstract = {As digital communities grow in size their feature sets also grow with them. Different users have different experiences with the same tools and communities. Enterprises and other organizations seeking to leverage these communities need a straightforward way to analyze and compare a variety of salient attributes of these communities. We describe a taxonomy and tool for crowd-sourcing user based evaluations of enterprise relevant attributes of digital communities and present the results of a small scale study on its usefulness and stability across multiple raters.},
	keywords = {enterprise, Online communities, Taxonomy, Visualization},
	isbn = {978-1-4503-0556-3},
	url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1958824.1958955},
	author = {Wagstrom, Patrick and Martino, Jacquelyn and von Kaenel, Juerg and Marshini Chetty and Thomas, John and Jones, Lauretta}
}
@conference {13766,
	title = {Evaluating visual and statistical exploration of scientific literature networks},
	booktitle = {2011 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing (VL/HCC)},
	year = {2011},
	month = {2011/09/18/22},
	pages = {217 - 224},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	abstract = {Action Science Explorer (ASE) is a tool designed to support users in rapidly generating readily consumable summaries of academic literature. It uses citation network visualization, ranking and filtering papers by network statistics, and automatic clustering and summarization techniques. We describe how early formative evaluations of ASE led to a mature system evaluation, consisting of an in-depth empirical evaluation with four domain experts. The evaluation tasks were of two types: predefined tasks to test system performance in common scenarios, and user-defined tasks to test the system{\textquoteright}s usefulness for custom exploration goals. The primary contribution of this paper is a validation of the ASE design and recommendations to provide: easy-to-understand metrics for ranking and filtering documents, user control over which document sets to explore, and overviews of the document set in coordinated views along with details-on-demand of specific papers. We contribute a taxonomy of features for literature search and exploration tools and describe exploration goals identified by our participants.},
	keywords = {abstracting, academic literature, action science explorer, automatic clustering, citation analysis, citation network visualization, Communities, Context, custom exploration goal, Data visualization, Databases, Document filtering, document handling, document ranking, easy-to-understand metrics, empirical evaluation, Google, Graphical user interfaces, Information filtering, Information Visualization, Libraries, literature exploration, network statistics, paper filtering, paper ranking, scientific literature network, statistical exploration, summarization technique, user-defined tasks, visual exploration, Visualization},
	isbn = {978-1-4577-1246-3},
	doi = {10.1109/VLHCC.2011.6070403},
	author = {Gove,R. and Dunne,C. and Shneiderman, Ben and Klavans,J. and Dorr, Bonnie J}
}
@article {17180,
	title = {Graph Analytics-Lessons Learned and Challenges Ahead},
	volume = {31},
	year = {2011},
	month = {2011///},
	pages = {18 - 29},
	abstract = {Graph analytics is one of the most influential and important R\&D topics in the visual analytics community. Researchers with diverse backgrounds from information visualization, human-computer interaction, computer graphics, graph drawing, and data mining have pursued graph analytics from scientific, technical, and social approaches. These studies have addressed both distinct and common challenges. Past successes and mistakes can provide valuable lessons for revising the research agenda. In this article, six researchers from four academic and research institutes identify graph analytics{\textquoteright} fundamental challenges and present both insightful lessons learned from their experience and good practices in graph analytics research. The goal is to critically assess those lessons and shed light on how they can stimulate research and draw attention to grand challenges for graph analytics. The article also establishes principles that could lead to measurable standards and criteria for research.},
	keywords = {citation analysis, citespace, Computer Graphics, document analysis, graphics and multimedia, greengrid, jigsaw system, modeling, power grid analysis, semantic substrates, simulation, social networks, text analysis, Visualization},
	isbn = {0272-1716},
	author = {Wong,Pak Chung and Chen,Chaomei and Gorg,Carsten and Shneiderman, Ben and Stasko,John and Thomas,Jim}
}
@conference {17181,
	title = {Group-in-a-Box Layout for Multi-faceted Analysis of Communities},
	booktitle = {Privacy, Security, Risk and Trust (PASSAT), 2011 IEEE Third International Conference on and 2011 IEEE Third International Confernece on Social Computing (SocialCom)},
	year = {2011},
	month = {2011/10/09/11},
	pages = {354 - 361},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	abstract = {Communities in social networks emerge from interactions among individuals and can be analyzed through a combination of clustering and graph layout algorithms. These approaches result in 2D or 3D visualizations of clustered graphs, with groups of vertices representing individuals that form a community. However, in many instances the vertices have attributes that divide individuals into distinct categories such as gender, profession, geographic location, and similar. It is often important to investigate what categories of individuals comprise each community and vice-versa, how the community structures associate the individuals from the same category. Currently, there are no effective methods for analyzing both the community structure and the category-based partitions of social graphs. We propose Group-In-a-Box (GIB), a meta-layout for clustered graphs that enables multi-faceted analysis of networks. It uses the tree map space filling technique to display each graph cluster or category group within its own box, sized according to the number of vertices therein. GIB optimizes visualization of the network sub-graphs, providing a semantic substrate for category-based and cluster-based partitions of social graphs. We illustrate the application of GIB to multi-faceted analysis of real social networks and discuss desirable properties of GIB using synthetic datasets.},
	keywords = {Algorithm design and analysis, category based social graph partitions, clustered graphs, clustering, Clustering algorithms, Communities, data visualisation, force-directed, gender, geographic location, graph layout algorithms, graph theory, group-in-a-box, group-in-a-box layout, Image edge detection, Layout, meta-layout, multifaceted community analysis, network subgraph visualization, network visualization, pattern clustering, profession, semantic substrates, Social network services, social networking (online), social networks, treemap space filling technique, Visualization},
	isbn = {978-1-4577-1931-8},
	doi = {10.1109/PASSAT/SocialCom.2011.139},
	author = {Rodrigues,E.M. and Milic-Frayling,N. and Smith,M. and Shneiderman, Ben and Hansen,D.}
}
@article {16033,
	title = {Research Directions in Data Wrangling: Visualizations and Transformations for Usable and Credible Data},
	journal = {Information VisualizationInformation Visualization},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2011},
	month = {2011/10/01/},
	pages = {271 - 288},
	abstract = {In spite of advances in technologies for working with data, analysts still spend an inordinate amount of time diagnosing data quality issues and manipulating data into a usable form. This process of {\textquoteleft}data wrangling{\textquoteright} often constitutes the most tedious and time-consuming aspect of analysis. Though data cleaning and integration arelongstanding issues in the database community, relatively little research has explored how interactive visualization can advance the state of the art. In this article, we review the challenges and opportunities associated with addressing data quality issues. We argue that analysts might more effectively wrangle data through new interactive systems that integrate data verification, transformation, and visualization. We identify a number of outstanding research questions, including how appropriate visual encodings can facilitate apprehension of missing data, discrepant values, and uncertainty; how interactive visualizations might facilitate data transform specification; and how recorded provenance and social interaction might enable wider reuse, verification, and modification of data transformations.},
	keywords = {data cleaning, data quality, data transformation, Uncertainty, Visualization},
	isbn = {1473-8716, 1473-8724},
	doi = {10.1177/1473871611415994},
	url = {http://ivi.sagepub.com/content/10/4/271},
	author = {Kandel,Sean and Heer,Jeffrey and Plaisant, Catherine and Kennedy,Jessie and Van Ham,Frank and Riche,Nathalie Henry and Weaver,Chris and Lee,Bongshin and Brodbeck,Dominique and Buono,Paolo}
}
@conference {17442,
	title = {TreeVersity: Comparing tree structures by topology and node{\textquoteright}s attributes differences},
	booktitle = {2011 IEEE Conference on Visual Analytics Science and Technology (VAST)},
	year = {2011},
	month = {2011/10/23/28},
	pages = {275 - 276},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	abstract = {It is common to classify data in hierarchies, they provide a comprehensible way of understanding big amounts of data. From budgets to organizational charts or even the stock market, trees are everywhere and people find them easy to use. However when analysts need to compare two versions of the same tree structure, or two related taxonomies, the task is not so easy. Much work has been done on this topic, but almost all of it has been restricted to either compare the trees by topology, or by the node attribute values. With this project we are proposing TreeVersity, a framework for comparing tree structures, both by structural changes and by differences in the node attributes. This paper is based on our previous work on comparing traffic agencies using LifeFlow [1, 2] and on a first prototype of TreeVersity.},
	keywords = {Computer science, data classification, Data visualization, Educational institutions, hierarchy, Image color analysis, LifeFlow, node attributes differences, Pattern classification, structural changes, Topology, topology attributes differences, traffic agencies, tree structures comparison, trees (mathematics), TreeVersity, Vegetation, Visualization},
	isbn = {978-1-4673-0015-5},
	doi = {10.1109/VAST.2011.6102471},
	author = {Gomez,J.A.G. and Buck-Coleman,A. and Plaisant, Catherine and Shneiderman, Ben}
}
@conference {17484,
	title = {Visual Analysis of Temporal Trends in Social Networks Using Edge Color Coding and Metric Timelines},
	booktitle = {Privacy, Security, Risk and Trust (PASSAT), 2011 IEEE Third International Conference on and 2011 IEEE Third International Confernece on Social Computing (SocialCom)},
	year = {2011},
	month = {2011/10/09/11},
	pages = {549 - 554},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	abstract = {We present Net EvViz, a visualization tool for analysis and exploration of a dynamic social network. There are plenty of visual social network analysis tools but few provide features for visualization of dynamically changing networks featuring the addition or deletion of nodes or edges. Our tool extends the code base of the Node XL template for Microsoft Excel, a popular network visualization tool. The key features of this work are (1) The ability of the user to specify and edit temporal annotations to the network components in an Excel sheet, (2) See the dynamics of the network with multiple graph metrics plotted over the time span of the graph, called the Timeline, and (3) Temporal exploration of the network layout using an edge coloring scheme and a dynamic Time slider. The objectives of the new features presented in this paper are to let the data analysts, computer scientists and others to observe the dynamics or evolution in a network interactively. We presented Net EvViz to five users of Node XL and received positive responses.},
	keywords = {Color, computer scientists, data analysts, data visualisation, Data visualization, dynamic social network, dynamic timeslider, edge color coding, excel sheet, Image coding, image colour analysis, Layout, measurement, metric timelines, Microsoft excel, multiple graph metrics, Net EvViz, network components, network layout, network visualization tool, NodeXL template, social networking (online), temporal trends, Twitter, Visualization},
	isbn = {978-1-4577-1931-8},
	doi = {10.1109/PASSAT/SocialCom.2011.212},
	author = {Khurana,U. and Nguyen,Viet-An and Hsueh-Chien Cheng and Ahn,Jae-wook and Chen,Xi and Shneiderman, Ben}
}
@conference {16974,
	title = {Analyzing (social media) networks with NodeXL},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the fourth international conference on Communities and technologies},
	series = {C\&$\#$38;T {\textquoteright}09},
	year = {2009},
	month = {2009///},
	pages = {255 - 264},
	publisher = {ACM},
	organization = {ACM},
	address = {New York, NY, USA},
	abstract = {We present NodeXL, an extendible toolkit for network overview, discovery and exploration implemented as an add-in to the Microsoft Excel 2007 spreadsheet software. We demonstrate NodeXL data analysis and visualization features with a social media data sample drawn from an enterprise intranet social network. A sequence of NodeXL operations from data import to computation of network statistics and refinement of network visualization through sorting, filtering, and clustering functions is described. These operations reveal sociologically relevant differences in the patterns of interconnection among employee participants in the social media space. The tool and method can be broadly applied.},
	keywords = {excel, network analysis, social media, social network, spreadsheet, Visualization},
	isbn = {978-1-60558-713-4},
	doi = {10.1145/1556460.1556497},
	url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1556460.1556497},
	author = {Smith,Marc A. and Shneiderman, Ben and Milic-Frayling,Natasa and Mendes Rodrigues,Eduarda and Barash,Vladimir and Dunne,Cody and Capone,Tony and Perer,Adam and Gleave,Eric}
}
@conference {17162,
	title = {Finding comparable temporal categorical records: A similarity measure with an interactive visualization},
	booktitle = {IEEE Symposium on Visual Analytics Science and Technology, 2009. VAST 2009},
	year = {2009},
	month = {2009/10/12/13},
	pages = {27 - 34},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	abstract = {An increasing number of temporal categorical databases are being collected: Electronic Health Records in healthcare organizations, traffic incident logs in transportation systems, or student records in universities. Finding similar records within these large databases requires effective similarity measures that capture the searcher{\textquoteright}s intent. Many similarity measures exist for numerical time series, but temporal categorical records are different. We propose a temporal categorical similarity measure, the M\&M (Match \& Mismatch) measure, which is based on the concept of aligning records by sentinel events, then matching events between the target and the compared records. The M\&M measure combines the time differences between pairs of events and the number of mismatches. To accom-modate customization of parameters in the M\&M measure and results interpretation, we implemented Similan, an interactive search and visualization tool for temporal categorical records. A usability study with 8 participants demonstrated that Similan was easy to learn and enabled them to find similar records, but users had difficulty understanding the M\&M measure. The usability study feedback, led to an improved version with a continuous timeline, which was tested in a pilot study with 5 participants.},
	keywords = {data visualisation, Educational institutions, Feedback, Information retrieval, interactive search tool, interactive systems, interactive visualization tool, large databases, M\&M Measure, Match \& Mismatch measure, Medical services, numerical time series, parameters customization, Particle measurements, Similan, similarity measure, Similarity Search, temporal categorical databases, Temporal Categorical Records, temporal databases, Testing, Time measurement, time series, transportation, usability, very large databases, visual databases, Visualization},
	isbn = {978-1-4244-5283-5},
	doi = {10.1109/VAST.2009.5332595},
	author = {Wongsuphasawat,K. and Shneiderman, Ben}
}
@article {17238,
	title = {Integrating Statistics and Visualization for Exploratory Power: From Long-Term Case Studies to Design Guidelines},
	journal = {IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications},
	volume = {29},
	year = {2009},
	month = {2009/06//May},
	pages = {39 - 51},
	abstract = {Evaluating visual-analytics systems is challenging because laboratory-based controlled experiments might not effectively represent analytical tasks. One such system, Social Action, integrates statistics and visualization in an interactive exploratory tool for social network analysis. This article describes results from long-term case studies with domain experts and extends established design goals for information visualization.},
	keywords = {case studies, Control systems, Data analysis, data mining, data visualisation, Data visualization, data-mining, design guidelines, Employment, exploration, Filters, Guidelines, Information Visualization, insights, laboratory-based controlled experiments, Performance analysis, social network analysis, Social network services, social networking (online), social networks, SocialAction, statistical analysis, Statistics, visual analytics, visual-analytics systems, Visualization},
	isbn = {0272-1716},
	doi = {10.1109/MCG.2009.44},
	author = {Perer,A. and Shneiderman, Ben}
}
@conference {17653,
	title = {Rigorous Probabilistic Trust-Inference with Applications to Clustering},
	booktitle = {IEEE/WIC/ACM International Joint Conferences on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technologies, 2009. WI-IAT {\textquoteright}09},
	volume = {1},
	year = {2009},
	month = {2009/09/15/18},
	pages = {655 - 658},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	abstract = {The World Wide Web has transformed into an environment where users both produce and consume information. In order to judge the validity of information, it is important to know how trustworthy its creator is. Since no individual can have direct knowledge of more than a small fraction of information authors, methods for inferring trust are needed. We propose a new trust inference scheme based on the idea that a trust network can be viewed as a random graph, and a chain of trust as a path in that graph. In addition to having an intuitive interpretation, our algorithm has several advantages, noteworthy among which is the creation of an inferred trust-metric space where the shorter the distance between two people, the higher their trust. Metric spaces have rigorous algorithms for clustering, visualization, and related problems, any of which is directly applicable to our results.},
	keywords = {Clustering algorithms, Conferences, Educational institutions, Extraterrestrial measurements, Inference algorithms, Intelligent agent, random graphs, Social network services, trust inferrence, Visualization, Voting, Web sites},
	isbn = {978-0-7695-3801-3},
	doi = {10.1109/WI-IAT.2009.109},
	author = {DuBois,Thomas and Golbeck,Jennifer and Srinivasan, Aravind}
}
@inbook {19607,
	title = {Effective Visualization of File System Access-Control},
	booktitle = {Visualization for Computer Security},
	series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
	year = {2008},
	month = {2008/01/01/},
	pages = {18 - 25},
	publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg},
	organization = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg},
	abstract = {In this paper, we present a visual representation of access control permissions in a standard hierarchical file system. Our visualization of file permissions leverages treemaps, a popular graphical representation of hierarchical data. In particular, we present a visualization of access control for the NTFS file system that can help a non-expert user understand and manipulate file system permissions in a simple and effective way. While our examples are based on NTFS, our approach can be used for many other hierarchical file systems as well.},
	keywords = {Computer Communication Networks, Computer Imaging, Vision, Pattern Recognition and Graphics, data mining and knowledge discovery, Data Structures, Cryptology and Information Theory, Visualization},
	isbn = {978-3-540-85931-4, 978-3-540-85933-8},
	url = {http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-540-85933-8_2},
	author = {Heitzmann, Alexander and Palazzi, Bernardo and Charalampos Papamanthou and Tamassia, Roberto},
	editor = {Goodall, John R. and Conti, Gregory and Ma, Kwan-Liu}
}
@book {13327,
	title = {Shape Analysis and Structuring},
	year = {2008},
	month = {2008///},
	publisher = {Springer},
	organization = {Springer},
	abstract = {With a lot of recent developments in the field, this much-needed book has come at just the right time. It covers a variety of topics related to preserving and enhancing shape information at a geometric level. The contributors also cover subjects that are relevant to effectively capturing the structure of a shape by identifying relevant shape components and their mutual relationships.},
	keywords = {Computer Graphics, Computer vision, Computers / Computer Graphics, Computers / Image Processing, Geometrical models, Geometry, Geometry, Analytic, Image analysis, IMAGE PROCESSING, Mathematics / Functional Analysis, Mathematics / Geometry / General, Mathematics / Graphic Methods, Mathematics / Mathematical Analysis, shapes, Technology \& Engineering / Engineering (General), Visualization},
	isbn = {9783540332640},
	author = {De Floriani, Leila and Spagnuolo,Michela}
}
@article {12186,
	title = {EcoLens: Integration and interactive visualization of ecological datasets},
	journal = {Ecological Informatics},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2007},
	month = {2007/01/01/},
	pages = {61 - 69},
	abstract = {Complex multi-dimensional datasets are now pervasive in science and elsewhere in society. Better interactive tools are needed for visual data exploration so that patterns in such data may be easily discovered, data can be proofread, and subsets of data can be chosen for algorithmic analysis. In particular, synthetic research such as ecological interaction research demands effective ways to examine multiple datasets. This paper describes our integration of hundreds of food-web datasets into a common platform, and the visualization software, EcoLens, we developed for exploring this information. This publicly-available application and integrated dataset have been useful for our research predicting large complex food webs, and EcoLens is favorably reviewed by other researchers. Many habitats are not well represented in our large database. We confirm earlier results about the small size and lack of taxonomic resolution in early food webs but find that they and a non-food-web source provide trophic information about a large number of taxa absent from more modern studies. Corroboration of Tuesday Lake trophic links across studies is usually possible, but lack of links among congeners may have several explanations. While EcoLens does not provide all kinds of analytical support, its label- and item-based approach is effective at addressing concerns about the comparability and taxonomic resolution of food-web data.},
	keywords = {Data integration, Food webs, Taxonomy, Visualization},
	isbn = {1574-9541},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ecoinf.2007.03.005},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1574954107000118},
	author = {Parr,Cynthia Sims and Lee,Bongshin and Bederson, Benjamin B.}
}
@article {17013,
	title = {Classifying science: Phenomena, data, theory, method, practice: Book Reviews},
	journal = {J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci. Technol.},
	volume = {57},
	year = {2006},
	month = {2006/12//},
	pages = {1977 - 1978},
	abstract = {Due to e-mail{\textquoteright}s ubiquitous nature, millions of users are intimate with the technology; however, most users are only familiar with managing their own e-mail, which is an inherently different task from exploring an e-mail archive. Historians and social scientists believe that e-mail archives are important artifacts for understanding the individuals and communities they represent. To understand the conversations evidenced in an archive, context is needed. In this article, we present a new way to gain this necessary context: analyzing the temporal rhythms of social relationships. We provide methods for constructing meaningful rhythms from the e-mail headers by identifying relationships and interpreting their attributes. With these visualization techniques, e-mail archive explorers can uncover insights that may have been otherwise hidden in the archive. We apply our methods to an individual{\textquoteright}s 15-year e-mail archive, which consists of about 45,000 messages and over 4,000 relationships. {\textcopyright} 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.},
	keywords = {corpus_analysis, email, hci, project--email, text_analysis, Visualization},
	isbn = {1532-2882},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asi.v57:14},
	author = {Perer,Adam and Shneiderman, Ben and Oard, Douglas}
}
@conference {16087,
	title = {Exploring erotics in Emily Dickinson{\textquoteright}s correspondence with text mining and visual interfaces},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 6th ACM/IEEE-CS joint conference on Digital libraries},
	series = {JCDL {\textquoteright}06},
	year = {2006},
	month = {2006///},
	pages = {141 - 150},
	publisher = {ACM},
	organization = {ACM},
	address = {New York, NY, USA},
	abstract = {This paper describes a system to support humanities scholars in their interpretation of literary work. It presents a user interface and web architecture that integrates text mining, a graphical user interface and visualization, while attempting to remain easy to use by non specialists. Users can interactively read and rate documents found in a digital libraries collection, prepare training sets, review results of classification algorithms and explore possible indicators and explanations. Initial evaluation steps suggest that there is a rationale for "provocational" text mining in literary interpretation.},
	keywords = {case studies, humanities, literary criticism, text mining, user interface, Visualization},
	isbn = {1-59593-354-9},
	doi = {10.1145/1141753.1141781},
	url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1141753.1141781},
	author = {Plaisant, Catherine and Rose,James and Yu,Bei and Auvil,Loretta and Kirschenbaum,Matthew G. and Smith,Martha Nell and Clement,Tanya and Lord,Greg}
}
@conference {19459,
	title = {Reflecting on Health: A System for Students to Monitor Diet and Exercise},
	booktitle = {SIGCHI EA {\textquoteright}06},
	series = {CHI EA {\textquoteright}06},
	year = {2006},
	month = {2006///},
	pages = {1807 - 1812},
	publisher = {ACM},
	organization = {ACM},
	abstract = {Using an iterative design process, we designed and evaluated a system for college students to encourage the development and maintenance of healthy diet and exercise habits. The system has three components: a camera phone application to support photographic diet and exercise journaling, an automatic workout tracking application for exercise machines in the gym, and a visualization application to support users as they reflect on their diet and exercise activities.},
	keywords = {diet, exercise, journaling, mobile phone, Visualization},
	isbn = {1-59593-298-4},
	url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1125451.1125794},
	author = {Brown, Brandon and Marshini Chetty and Grimes, Andrea and Harmon, Ellie}
}
@conference {16118,
	title = {The challenge of information visualization evaluation},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the working conference on Advanced visual interfaces},
	series = {AVI {\textquoteright}04},
	year = {2004},
	month = {2004///},
	pages = {109 - 116},
	publisher = {ACM},
	organization = {ACM},
	address = {New York, NY, USA},
	abstract = {As the field of information visualization matures, the tools and ideas described in our research publications are reaching users. The reports of usability studies and controlled experiments are helpful to understand the potential and limitations of our tools, but we need to consider other evaluation approaches that take into account the long exploratory nature of users tasks, the value of potential discoveries or the benefits of overall awareness. We need better metrics and benchmark repositories to compare tools, and we should also seek reports of successful adoption and demonstrated utility.},
	keywords = {adoption, Evaluation, return on investment, technology transfer, usability, usefulness, User studies, Visualization},
	isbn = {1-58113-867-9},
	doi = {10.1145/989863.989880},
	url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/989863.989880},
	author = {Plaisant, Catherine}
}
@conference {17159,
	title = {Facilitating understanding of information visualizations: emerging principles and examples},
	booktitle = {Eighth International Conference on Information Visualisation, 2004. IV 2004. Proceedings},
	year = {2004},
	month = {2004/07/14/16},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	abstract = {Summary form only given. The enthusiasm for information visualization has generated a wide variety of interesting tools for multi-dimensional, hierarchical, and other kinds of visualizations. However, some designs are readily accepted as understandable and useful, while others are perceived as confusing and useless. Controlled studies have begun to sort of some of the issues, but the insights of designers and usability tests are contributing interesting cognitive hypotheses for researchers and practical guidelines for developers. This paper offers examples of what works and what doesn{\textquoteright}t with a preliminary set of principles that might have wide applicability.},
	keywords = {Computer science, data visualisation, Educational institutions, Guidelines, hierarchical visualization, HUMANS, Information Visualization, Laboratories, multidimensional visualization, Portable computers, Testing, usability, User interfaces, Visualization},
	isbn = {0-7695-2177-0},
	doi = {10.1109/IV.2004.1320117},
	author = {Shneiderman, Ben}
}
@conference {16903,
	title = {The internet spatial spreadsheet: enabling remote visualization of dynamic spatial data and ongoing query results over a network},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 11th ACM international symposium on Advances in geographic information systems},
	series = {GIS {\textquoteright}03},
	year = {2003},
	month = {2003///},
	pages = {154 - 160},
	publisher = {ACM},
	organization = {ACM},
	address = {New York, NY, USA},
	abstract = {Moving object databases store and process data for objects that change location frequently. Materialized views maintained over time must be updated to reflect changes due to the motion of objects in their environment. To visualize view query results, displays must be updated to reflect the change. In this paper we present the Internet Spatial Spreadsheet (ISS) as a means to organize, query, and visualize changing spatial data in a network environment such as the Internet.The goal of the ISS is to keep client visualizations of query results up to date with the server state. This is accomplished by pushing the minimal set of spatial data needed for rendering query results on the client. Incremental changes to query results are subsequently transmitted to the client as the database is updated to keep the visualization current. Additional constraints in the network environment such as firewall limitations are also considered.},
	keywords = {client server, GIS, Spatial databases, Visualization},
	isbn = {1-58113-730-3},
	doi = {10.1145/956676.956697},
	url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/956676.956697},
	author = {Iwerks,Glenn S. and Samet, Hanan}
}
@conference {16906,
	title = {VASCO: visualizing and animating spatial constructs and operations},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the nineteenth annual symposium on Computational geometry},
	series = {SCG {\textquoteright}03},
	year = {2003},
	month = {2003///},
	pages = {374 - 375},
	publisher = {ACM},
	organization = {ACM},
	address = {New York, NY, USA},
	abstract = {A video is used to demonstrate a set of spatial index JAVA applets that enable users on the worldwide web to experiment with a number of variants of the quadtree spatial data structure for different spatial data types, and, most importantly, enable them to see in an animated manner how a number of basic search operations are executed for them. The spatial data types are points, line segments, rectangles, and regions. The search operations are the window query (i.e., a spatial range query) and a nearest neighbor query that enables ranking spatial objects in the order of their distance from a given query object. The representations and algorithms are visualized and animated in a consistent manner using the same primitives and colors so that the differences between the effects of the representations can be easily understood. The video demonstrates the PR quadtree, PM1 quadtree, and R-tree. The applets can be found at: www.cs.umd.edu/~hjs/quadtree/.},
	keywords = {k-d trees, Nearest neighbor algorithms, quadtrees, R-trees, Visualization},
	isbn = {1-58113-663-3},
	doi = {10.1145/777792.777849},
	url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/777792.777849},
	author = {Brabec,Frantivsek and Samet, Hanan and Yilmaz,Cemal}
}
@conference {19625,
	title = {A Visualization of the Primal Simplex Algorithm for the Assignment Problem},
	booktitle = {ITiCSE {\textquoteright}03 Proceedings of the 8th Annual Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education },
	series = {ITiCSE {\textquoteright}03},
	year = {2003},
	month = {2003///},
	pages = {267 - 267},
	publisher = {ACM},
	organization = {ACM},
	abstract = {An educationally-oriented Visualization Software used to assist the teaching of the Primal Simplex Algorithm for the Assignment Problem is presented.},
	keywords = {Assignment problem, Visualization},
	isbn = {1-58113-672-2},
	url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/961511.961631},
	author = {Charalampos Papamanthou and Paparrizos, Konstantinos}
}
@article {17508,
	title = {Why not make interfaces better than 3D reality?},
	journal = {IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications},
	volume = {23},
	year = {2003},
	month = {2003/12//Nov},
	pages = {12 - 15},
	abstract = {Many constrained interfaces are designed to be simpler than the real world by restricting movement, limiting interface actions, and keeping interface objects in a plane. However, the strong utility of pure 3D interfaces for medical, architectural, product design, and scientific visualization means that interface design for pure 3D remains an important challenge. An intriguing possibility is that enhanced 3D interfaces might offer simpler navigation, more compelling functionality, safer movements, and less occlusion, than 3D reality, especially for information exploration and visualization tasks. Such features can enable superhuman capabilities such as faster-than-light teleportation, flying through objects, and X-ray vision. Enhanced 3D interfaces might have supernatural tools such as magic wands for instantly shrinking, enlarging, duplicating, or sending objects and enchanted environments that provide error prevention, history keeping, and programming-by-demonstration. Playful game designers and creative application developers have already pushed the technology further than those who seek merely to mimic reality. Advanced designs are marked by their support of rapid situation awareness through effective overviews, reduced numbers of actions to accomplish tasks; and prompt, meaningful feedback for user actions. This article reviews these clever enhanced 3D-design features and encourages approaches that facilitate user tasks rather than mimic reality.},
	keywords = {3D interfaces, 3D reality, Atmosphere, Avatars, Cities and towns, Collaboration, Computer displays, Computer Graphics, error prevention, history keeping, information exploration, Information Visualization, movements, Navigation, occlusion, overviews, programming-by-demonstration, rapid situation awareness, Testing, usability, user action feedback, User interfaces, Virtual reality, Visualization},
	isbn = {0272-1716},
	doi = {10.1109/MCG.2003.1242376},
	author = {Shneiderman, Ben}
}
@conference {16466,
	title = {Optimized seamless integration of biomolecular data},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the IEEE 2nd International Symposium on Bioinformatics and Bioengineering Conference, 2001},
	year = {2001},
	month = {2001/11/04/6},
	pages = {23 - 32},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	abstract = {Today, scientific data is inevitably digitized, stored in a variety of heterogeneous formats, and is accessible over the Internet. Scientists need to access an integrated view of multiple remote or local heterogeneous data sources. They then integrate the results of complex queries and apply further analysis and visualization to support the task of scientific discovery. Building a digital library for scientific discovery requires accessing and manipulating data extracted from flat files or databases, documents retrieved from the Web, as well as data that is locally materialized in warehouses or is generated by software. We consider several tasks to provide optimized and seamless integration of biomolecular data. Challenges to be addressed include capturing and representing source capabilities; developing a methodology to acquire and represent metadata about source contents and access costs; and decision support to select sources and capabilities using cost based and semantic knowledge, and generating low cost query evaluation plans},
	keywords = {analysis, Bioinformatics, biology computing, cost based knowledge, Costs, Data analysis, data mining, data visualisation, Data visualization, Data warehouses, decision support, digital library, Educational institutions, information resources, Internet, low cost query evaluation plans, Mediation, meta data, metadata, molecular biophysics, multiple local heterogeneous data sources, multiple remote heterogeneous data sources, optimized seamless biomolecular data integration, scientific discovery, scientific information systems, semantic knowledge, software libraries, visual databases, Visualization},
	isbn = {0-7695-1423-5},
	doi = {10.1109/BIBE.2001.974408},
	author = {Eckman,B. A and Lacroix,Z. and Raschid, Louiqa}
}
@conference {12197,
	title = {Domain name based visualization of Web histories in a zoomable user interface},
	booktitle = {11th International Workshop on Database and Expert Systems Applications, 2000. Proceedings},
	year = {2000},
	month = {2000///},
	pages = {591 - 598},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	abstract = {Users of hypertext systems like the World Wide Web (WWW) often find themselves following hypertext links deeper and deeper, only to find themselves {\textquotedblleft}lost{\textquotedblright} and unable to find their way back to the previously visited pages. We have implemented a Web browser companion called Domain Tree Browser (DTB) that builds a tree structured visual navigation history while browsing the Web. The Domain Tree Browser organizes the URLs visited based on the domain name of each URL and shows thumbnails of each page in a zoomable window},
	keywords = {Computer science, data visualisation, domain name, domain name based visualization, Domain Tree Browser, Educational institutions, History, hypermedia, hypertext links, hypertext systems, information resources, Navigation, online front-ends, thumbnails, Tree graphs, tree structured visual navigation history, Uniform resource locators, URLs, User interfaces, Visualization, Web browser companion, Web histories, Web pages, World Wide Web, zoomable user interface, zoomable window},
	isbn = {0-7695-0680-1},
	doi = {10.1109/DEXA.2000.875085},
	author = {Gandhi,R. and Kumar,G. and Bederson, Benjamin B. and Shneiderman, Ben}
}
@conference {17498,
	title = {Visualization methods for personal photo collections: browsing and searching in the PhotoFinder},
	booktitle = {2000 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, 2000. ICME 2000},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2000},
	month = {2000///},
	pages = {1539-1542 vol.3 - 1539-1542 vol.3},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	abstract = {Software tools for personal photo collection management are proliferating, but they usually have limited searching and browsing functions. We implemented the PhotoFinder prototype to enable non-technical users of personal photo collections to search and browse easily. PhotoFinder provides a set of visual Boolean query interfaces, coupled with dynamic query and query preview features. It gives users powerful search capabilities. Using a scatter plot thumbnail display and drag-and-drop interface, PhotoFinder is designed to be easy to use for searching and browsing photos},
	keywords = {Browsing, Computer science, digital photo library, Displays, drag-and-drop interface, dynamic query, Educational institutions, Filters, Histograms, Image retrieval, personal computing, personal photo collections, photo collection management, PhotoFinder, Prototypes, query preview, scatter plot thumbnail display, Scattering, searching, software libraries, software tools, User interfaces, visual Boolean query interfaces, visual databases, Visualization, visualization methods},
	isbn = {0-7803-6536-4},
	doi = {10.1109/ICME.2000.871061},
	author = {Kang,Hyunmo and Shneiderman, Ben}
}
@conference {16174,
	title = {Excentric labeling: dynamic neighborhood labeling for data visualization},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems: the CHI is the limit},
	series = {CHI {\textquoteright}99},
	year = {1999},
	month = {1999///},
	pages = {512 - 519},
	publisher = {ACM},
	organization = {ACM},
	address = {New York, NY, USA},
	abstract = {The widespread use of information visualization is hampered bythe lack of effective labeling techniques. An informal taxonomy of
labeling methods is proposed. We then describe excentric labeling,
a new dynamic technique to label a neighborhood of objects located
around the cursor. This technique does not intrude into the
existing interaction, it is not computationally intensive, and was
easily applied to several visualization applications. A pilot study
with eight subjects indicates a strong speed benefit over a zoom
interface for tasks that involve the exploration of large numbers
of objects. Observations and comments from users are presented.
},
	keywords = {dynamic labeling, Evaluation, label, Visualization},
	isbn = {0-201-48559-1},
	doi = {10.1145/302979.303148},
	url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/302979.303148},
	author = {Fekete,Jean-Daniel and Plaisant, Catherine}
}
@book {17339,
	title = {Readings in Information Visualization: Using Vision to Think},
	year = {1999},
	month = {1999/01/25/},
	publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
	organization = {Morgan Kaufmann},
	abstract = {This groundbreaking book defines the emerging field of information visualization and offers the first-ever collection of the classic papers of the discipline, with introductions and analytical discussions of each topic and paper. The authors{\textquoteright} intention is to present papers that focus on the use of visualization to discover relationships, using interactive graphics to amplify thought. This book is intended for research professionals in academia and industry; new graduate students and professors who want to begin work in this burgeoning field; professionals involved in financial data analysis, statistics, and information design; scientific data managers; and professionals involved in medical, bioinformatics, and other areas.* Full-color reproduction throughout* Author power team - an exciting and timely collaboration between the field{\textquoteright}s pioneering, most-respected names* The only book on Information Visualization with the depth necessary for use as a text or as a reference for the information professional* Text includes the classic source papers as well as a collection of cutting edge work},
	keywords = {Computer Graphics, Computers / Computer Engineering, Computers / Computer Graphics, Computers / Computer Graphics / General, Computers / Computer Science, Computers / General, Computers / Information Technology, Computers / Information Theory, Computers / Intelligence (AI) \& Semantics, Computers / Social Aspects / Human-Computer Interaction, IMAGE PROCESSING, Information display systems, Information Visualization, Psychology / General, Visualization},
	isbn = {9781558605336},
	author = {Card,Stuart K. and Mackinlay,Jock D. and Shneiderman, Ben}
}
@conference {13480,
	title = {Visualization of high-dimensional model characteristics},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1999 workshop on new paradigms in information visualization and manipulation in conjunction with the eighth ACM internation conference on Information and knowledge management},
	series = {NPIVM {\textquoteright}99},
	year = {1999},
	month = {1999///},
	pages = {6 - 8},
	publisher = {ACM},
	organization = {ACM},
	address = {New York, NY, USA},
	abstract = {Using inductive learning techniques to construct explanatory models for large, high-dimensional data sets is a useful way to discover useful information. However, these models can be difficult for users to understand. We have developed a set of visualization methods that enable a user to evaluate the quality of learned models, to compare alternative models, and identify ways in which a model might be improved We describe the visualization techniques we have explored, including methods for high-dimensional data space projection, variable/class correlation, instance mapping, and model sampling We show the results of applying these techniques to several models built from a benchmark data set of census data.},
	keywords = {data mining and knowledge discovery, multidimensional information spaces, Visualization},
	isbn = {1-58113-254-9},
	doi = {10.1145/331770.331774},
	url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/331770.331774},
	author = {desJardins, Marie and Rheingans,Penny}
}
@conference {16189,
	title = {Visualizing medical records with LifeLines},
	booktitle = {CHI 98 conference summary on Human factors in computing systems},
	series = {CHI {\textquoteright}98},
	year = {1998},
	month = {1998///},
	pages = {28 - 29},
	publisher = {ACM},
	organization = {ACM},
	address = {New York, NY, USA},
	keywords = {healthcare, History, medical record, overview, timeline, Visualization},
	isbn = {1-58113-028-7},
	doi = {10.1145/286498.286513},
	url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/286498.286513},
	author = {Plaisant, Catherine and Heller,Daniel and Li,Jia and Shneiderman, Ben and Mushlin,Rich and Karat,John}
}
@conference {16196,
	title = {Query previews in networked information systems: the case of EOSDIS},
	booktitle = {CHI {\textquoteright}97 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems: looking to the future},
	series = {CHI EA {\textquoteright}97},
	year = {1997},
	month = {1997///},
	pages = {202 - 203},
	publisher = {ACM},
	organization = {ACM},
	address = {New York, NY, USA},
	abstract = {Dynamic queries have been shown to be an effective technique to browse information, and to find patterns and exceptions. Dynamic queries involve the interactive control by a user of visual query parameters that generate rapid (100 ms update), animated, and visual displays of database search results. The data of early implementations was stored in local memory to guarantee optimal speed. Problems arise when the data is very large and distributed over a network. To overcome the problems of slow networks and data volume we propose a two-phase approach to query formulation using query previews and query refinements [1]. Preview mechanisms have been used in the past [2] and we believe that their use will be a major component of successful networked information systems interfaces (e.g. [3]).},
	keywords = {direct manipulation, dynamic query, earth science, network information system, query preview, Visualization},
	isbn = {0-89791-926-2},
	doi = {10.1145/1120212.1120343},
	url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1120212.1120343},
	author = {Plaisant, Catherine and Bruns,Tom and Shneiderman, Ben and Doan,Khoa}
}
@conference {16203,
	title = {LifeLines: visualizing personal histories},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems: common ground},
	series = {CHI {\textquoteright}96},
	year = {1996},
	month = {1996///},
	pages = {221 - 227},
	publisher = {ACM},
	organization = {ACM},
	address = {New York, NY, USA},
	keywords = {History, justice, medical record, overview, personal record, screen design, screen management, timeline, Visualization},
	isbn = {0-89791-777-4},
	doi = {10.1145/238386.238493},
	url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/238386.238493},
	author = {Plaisant, Catherine and Milash,Brett and Rose,Anne and Widoff,Seth and Shneiderman, Ben}
}
@conference {16204,
	title = {User controlled overviews of an image library: a case study of the visible human},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the first ACM international conference on Digital libraries},
	series = {DL {\textquoteright}96},
	year = {1996},
	month = {1996///},
	pages = {74 - 82},
	publisher = {ACM},
	organization = {ACM},
	address = {New York, NY, USA},
	keywords = {Browsing, digital library, image database, information exploration, Information retrieval, Internet, medical image, remote access, user interface, Visualization, World-wide web},
	isbn = {0-89791-830-4},
	doi = {10.1145/226931.226946},
	url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/226931.226946},
	author = {North,Chris and Shneiderman, Ben and Plaisant, Catherine}
}
@article {17481,
	title = {Using Treemaps to Visualize the Analytic Hierarchy Process},
	journal = {Information Systems ResearchInformation Systems Research},
	volume = {6},
	year = {1995},
	month = {1995/12/01/},
	pages = {357 - 375},
	abstract = {Treemaps, a visualization method for large hierarchical data spaces, are used to augment the capabilities of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) for decision-making. Two direct manipulation tools, presented metaphorically as a {\textquotedblleft}pump{\textquotedblright} and a {\textquotedblleft}hook,{\textquotedblright} were developed and applied to the treemap to support AHP sensitivity analysis. Users can change the importance of criteria dynamically on the two-dimensional treemap and immediately see the impact on the outcome of the decision. This fluid process dramatically speeds up exploration and provides a better understanding of the relative impact of the component criteria. A usability study with six subjects using a prototype AHP application showed that treemap representation was acceptable from a visualization and data operation standpoint.},
	keywords = {AHP, analytic hierarchy process, decision support, treemap, User interfaces, Visualization},
	isbn = {1047-7047, 1526-5536},
	doi = {10.1287/isre.6.4.357},
	url = {http://isr.journal.informs.org/content/6/4/357},
	author = {Asahi,Toshiyuki and Turo,David and Shneiderman, Ben}
}
@conference {17438,
	title = {Tree-maps: a space-filling approach to the visualization of hierarchical information structures},
	booktitle = {, IEEE Conference on Visualization, 1991. Visualization {\textquoteright}91, Proceedings},
	year = {1991},
	month = {1991/10/22/25},
	pages = {284 - 291},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	abstract = {A method for visualizing hierarchically structured information is described. The tree-map visualization technique makes 100\% use of the available display space, mapping the full hierarchy onto a rectangular region in a space-filling manner. This efficient use of space allows very large hierarchies to be displayed in their entirety and facilitates the presentation of semantic information. Tree-maps can depict both the structure and content of the hierarchy. However, the approach is best suited to hierarchies in which the content of the leaf nodes and the structure of the hierarchy are of primary importance, and the content information associated with internal nodes is largely derived from their children},
	keywords = {Computer displays, Computer Graphics, Computer science, Data analysis, display space, Educational institutions, Feedback, hierarchical information structures, HUMANS, Laboratories, Libraries, Marine vehicles, rectangular region, semantic information, space-filling approach, tree-map visualization technique, trees (mathematics), Two dimensional displays, Visualization},
	isbn = {0-8186-2245-8},
	doi = {10.1109/VISUAL.1991.175815},
	author = {Johnson,B. and Shneiderman, Ben}
}
