@article {17439,
	title = {TreeCovery: Coordinated dual treemap visualization for exploring the Recovery Act},
	journal = {Government Information Quarterly},
	year = {2011},
	month = {2011///},
	abstract = {The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act dedicated $787 billion to stimulate the U.S. economy and mandated the release of the data describing the exact distribution of that money. The dataset is a large and complex one; one of its distinguishing features is its bi-hierarchical structure, arising from the distribution of money through agencies to specific projects and the natural aggregation of awards based on location. To offer a comprehensive overview of the data, a visualization must incorporate both these hierarchies. We present TreeCovery, a tool that accomplishes this through the use of two coordinated treemaps. The tool includes a number of innovative features, including coordinated zooming and filtering and a proportional highlighting technique across the two trees. TreeCovery was designed to facilitate data exploration, and initial user studies suggest that it will be helpful in insight generation. RATB (Recovery Accountability and Transparency Board) has tested TreeCovery and is considering including the concept in their visual analytics.},
	keywords = {Recovery Act, user interface, Visual analytic},
	isbn = {0740-624X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.giq.2011.07.004},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0740624X11001055},
	author = {Rios-Berrios,Miguel and Sharma,Puneet and Lee,Tak Yeon and Schwartz,Rachel and Shneiderman, Ben}
}
@conference {16079,
	title = {Discovering interesting usage patterns in text collections: integrating text mining with visualization},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the sixteenth ACM conference on Conference on information and knowledge management},
	series = {CIKM {\textquoteright}07},
	year = {2007},
	month = {2007///},
	pages = {213 - 222},
	publisher = {ACM},
	organization = {ACM},
	address = {New York, NY, USA},
	abstract = {This paper addresses the problem of making text mining results more comprehensible to humanities scholars, journalists, intelligence analysts, and other researchers, in order to support the analysis of text collections. Our system, FeatureLens1, visualizes a text collection at several levels of granularity and enables users to explore interesting text patterns. The current implementation focuses on frequent itemsets of n-grams, as they capture the repetition of exact or similar expressions in the collection. Users can find meaningful co-occurrences of text patterns by visualizing them within and across documents in the collection. This also permits users to identify the temporal evolution of usage such as increasing, decreasing or sudden appearance of text patterns. The interface could be used to explore other text features as well. Initial studies suggest that FeatureLens helped a literary scholar and 8 users generate new hypotheses and interesting insights using 2 text collections.},
	keywords = {digital humanities, frequent closed itemsets, n-grams, text mining, user interface},
	isbn = {978-1-59593-803-9},
	doi = {10.1145/1321440.1321473},
	url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1321440.1321473},
	author = {Don,Anthony and Zheleva,Elena and Gregory,Machon and Tarkan,Sureyya and Auvil,Loretta and Clement,Tanya and Shneiderman, Ben and Plaisant, Catherine}
}
@article {12036,
	title = {A Language for Human Action},
	journal = {Computer},
	volume = {40},
	year = {2007},
	month = {2007/05//},
	pages = {42 - 51},
	abstract = {Human-centered computing (HCC) involves conforming computer technology to humans while naturally achieving human-machine interaction. In a human-centered system, the interaction focuses on human requirements, capabilities, and limitations. These anthropocentric systems also focus on the consideration of human sensory-motor skills in a wide range of activities. This ensures that the interface between artificial agents and human users accounts for perception and action in a novel interaction paradigm. In turn, this leads to behavior understanding through cognitive models that allow content description and, ultimately, the integration of real and virtual worlds. Our work focuses on building a language that maps to the lower-level sensory and motor languages and to the higher-level natural language. An empirically demonstrated human activity language provides sensory-motor-grounded representations for understanding human actions. A linguistic framework allows the analysis and synthesis of these actions.},
	keywords = {anthropocentric system, artificial agent, Artificial intelligence, cognitive model, Concrete, Databases, human action, human activity language, Human computer interaction, human factors, human sensory-motor skill, human-centered computing, human-machine interaction, HUMANS, Intelligent sensors, linguistic framework, linguistics, Mirrors, Morphology, natural language, natural languages, Neurons, Power system modeling, user interface, User interfaces},
	isbn = {0018-9162},
	doi = {10.1109/MC.2007.154},
	author = {Guerra-Filho,G. and Aloimonos, J.}
}
@article {16081,
	title = {Exploring auction databases through interactive visualization},
	journal = {Decision Support Systems},
	volume = {42},
	year = {2006},
	month = {2006/12//},
	pages = {1521 - 1538},
	abstract = {We introduce AuctionExplorer, a suite of tools for exploring databases of online auctions. The suite combines tools for collecting, processing, and interactively exploring auction attributes (e.g., seller rating), and the bid history (price evolution represented as a time series). Part of AuctionExplorer{\textquoteright}s power comes from its coupling of the two information structures, thereby allowing exploration of relationships between them. Exploration can be directed by hypothesis testing or exploratory data analysis. We propose a process for visual data analysis and illustrate AuctionExplorer{\textquoteright}s operations with a dataset of eBay auctions. Insights may improve seller, bidder, auction house, and other vendors{\textquoteright} understanding of the market, thereby assisting their decision making process.},
	keywords = {Auction dynamics, Bid history, Online auctions, time series, user interface},
	isbn = {0167-9236},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dss.2006.01.001},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167923606000042},
	author = {Shmueli,Galit and Jank,Wolfgang and Aris,Aleks and Plaisant, Catherine and Shneiderman, Ben}
}
@conference {16087,
	title = {Exploring erotics in Emily Dickinson{\textquoteright}s correspondence with text mining and visual interfaces},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 6th ACM/IEEE-CS joint conference on Digital libraries},
	series = {JCDL {\textquoteright}06},
	year = {2006},
	month = {2006///},
	pages = {141 - 150},
	publisher = {ACM},
	organization = {ACM},
	address = {New York, NY, USA},
	abstract = {This paper describes a system to support humanities scholars in their interpretation of literary work. It presents a user interface and web architecture that integrates text mining, a graphical user interface and visualization, while attempting to remain easy to use by non specialists. Users can interactively read and rate documents found in a digital libraries collection, prepare training sets, review results of classification algorithms and explore possible indicators and explanations. Initial evaluation steps suggest that there is a rationale for "provocational" text mining in literary interpretation.},
	keywords = {case studies, humanities, literary criticism, text mining, user interface, Visualization},
	isbn = {1-59593-354-9},
	doi = {10.1145/1141753.1141781},
	url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1141753.1141781},
	author = {Plaisant, Catherine and Rose,James and Yu,Bei and Auvil,Loretta and Kirschenbaum,Matthew G. and Smith,Martha Nell and Clement,Tanya and Lord,Greg}
}
@article {17272,
	title = {Knowledge discovery in high-dimensional data: case studies and a user survey for the rank-by-feature framework},
	journal = {IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics},
	volume = {12},
	year = {2006},
	month = {2006/06//May},
	pages = {311 - 322},
	abstract = {Knowledge discovery in high-dimensional data is a challenging enterprise, but new visual analytic tools appear to offer users remarkable powers if they are ready to learn new concepts and interfaces. Our three-year effort to develop versions of the hierarchical clustering explorer (HCE) began with building an interactive tool for exploring clustering results. It expanded, based on user needs, to include other potent analytic and visualization tools for multivariate data, especially the rank-by-feature framework. Our own successes using HCE provided some testimonial evidence of its utility, but we felt it necessary to get beyond our subjective impressions. This paper presents an evaluation of the hierarchical clustering explorer (HCE) using three case studies and an e-mail user survey (n=57) to focus on skill acquisition with the novel concepts and interface for the rank-by-feature framework. Knowledgeable and motivated users in diverse fields provided multiple perspectives that refined our understanding of strengths and weaknesses. A user survey confirmed the benefits of HCE, but gave less guidance about improvements. Both evaluations suggested improved training methods},
	keywords = {case study, Computer aided software engineering, Computer Society, Data analysis, data mining, data visualisation, Data visualization, database management systems, e-mail user survey, Genomics, Helium, Hierarchical Clustering Explorer, hierarchical clustering explorer., high-dimensional data, Histograms, Information visualization evaluation, interactive systems, interactive tool, knowledge discovery, multivariate data, Rank-by-feature framework, Scattering, Testing, user interface, User interfaces, user survey, visual analytic tools, visual analytics, visualization tools},
	isbn = {1077-2626},
	doi = {10.1109/TVCG.2006.50},
	author = {Seo,Jinwook and Shneiderman, Ben}
}
@conference {16951,
	title = {A Visual Interface for Multivariate Temporal Data: Finding Patterns of Events across Multiple Histories},
	booktitle = {Visual Analytics Science And Technology, 2006 IEEE Symposium On},
	year = {2006},
	month = {2006/11/31/Oct. },
	pages = {167 - 174},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	abstract = {Finding patterns of events over time is important in searching patient histories, Web logs, news stories, and criminal activities. This paper presents PatternFinder, an integrated interface for query and result-set visualization for search and discovery of temporal patterns within multivariate and categorical data sets. We define temporal patterns as sequences of events with inter-event time spans. PatternFinder allows users to specify the attributes of events and time spans to produce powerful pattern queries that are difficult to express with other formalisms. We characterize the range of queries PatternFinder supports as users vary the specificity at which events and time spans are defined. Pattern Finder{\textquoteright}s query capabilities together with coupled ball-and-chain and tabular visualizations enable users to effectively query, explore and analyze event patterns both within and across data entities (e.g. patient histories, terrorist groups, Web logs, etc.)},
	keywords = {ball-and-chain visualization, Chromium, Computer science, Data analysis, data visualisation, Data visualization, Database languages, event pattern discovery, Graphical user interfaces, History, Information Visualization, Medical treatment, multivariate temporal data, Pattern analysis, pattern recognition, PatternFinder integrated interface, Query processing, query visualization, result-set visualization, Spatial databases, tabular visualization, temporal pattern discovery, temporal pattern searching, Temporal query, user interface, User interfaces, visual databases, visual interface},
	isbn = {1-4244-0591-2},
	doi = {10.1109/VAST.2006.261421},
	author = {Fails,J. A and Karlson,A. and Shahamat,L. and Shneiderman, Ben}
}
@conference {17098,
	title = {Dynamic layout management in a multimedia bulletin board},
	booktitle = {IEEE 2002 Symposia on Human Centric Computing Languages and Environments, 2002. Proceedings},
	year = {2002},
	month = {2002///},
	pages = {51 - 53},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	abstract = {This paper proposes a novel user interface to manage the dynamic layout of multimedia objects in the Multimedia Bulletin Board (MBB) system. The MBB has been designed and implemented as a prototype of an asynchronous communication system that enables rich communication and collaboration among users of multimedia objects such as text, image, moving picture, sound, voice, Web, office document, and other files. The layout properties of the multimedia objects on a board (e.g. x-y position, size, z-order, explicit and implicit links, etc.) show important and useful information on the user dynamics occurring within a board. However, a fixed layout created and edited by multiple users may prevent users from recognizing and identifying other information. This paper resolves this problem with a novel user-controlled layout strategy made visible with dynamic layout templates (DLT). Users can reorganize the objects to extract meaningful information related to time, source, geographic location, or topic.},
	keywords = {Asynchronous communication, asynchronous communication system, Collaboration, data mining, dynamic layout management, dynamic layout templates, groupware, Human computer interaction, image, Information services, Laboratories, moving picture, Multimedia Bulletin Board system, multimedia computing, Multimedia databases, multimedia objects, multimedia systems, office document, Prototypes, sound, text, user interface, User interfaces, user-controlled layout strategy, voice, Web, Web pages},
	isbn = {0-7695-1644-0},
	doi = {10.1109/HCC.2002.1046344},
	author = {Kang,Hyunmo and Shneiderman, Ben and Wolff,G. J}
}
@conference {16149,
	title = {Technologies for families},
	booktitle = {CHI {\textquoteright}02 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems},
	series = {CHI EA {\textquoteright}02},
	year = {2002},
	month = {2002///},
	pages = {938 - 939},
	publisher = {ACM},
	organization = {ACM},
	address = {New York, NY, USA},
	abstract = {In this workshop, we propose to bring together researchers from industry and academia to discuss the design of new technologies for families. We will focus on both design techniques and the technologies themselves. Through discussions and brainstorming we hope to discover new ideas, which can be disseminated more broadly.},
	keywords = {cooperative design, disappearing computer, family, Home, participatory design, probe, user interface},
	isbn = {1-58113-454-1},
	doi = {10.1145/506443.506669},
	url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/506443.506669},
	author = {Plaisant, Catherine and Druin, Allison and Hutchinson,Hilary}
}
@conference {17025,
	title = {Component-based, user-constructed, multiple-view visualization},
	booktitle = {CHI {\textquoteright}01 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems},
	series = {CHI EA {\textquoteright}01},
	year = {2001},
	month = {2001///},
	pages = {201 - 202},
	publisher = {ACM},
	organization = {ACM},
	address = {New York, NY, USA},
	abstract = {A major hindrance to the usage of information visualization in common tasks is that typically a new visualization interface must be custom programmed to suit each task. This video demonstrates a system and user interface that attempts to solve this problem by enabling end users to construct their own multiple-view visualization interfaces that are appropriate for their tasks and data. Users accomplish this by snapping together component visualizations and specifying tight couplings between them. Then they can use their newly constructed visualization interfaces to perform their tasks.},
	keywords = {Information Visualization, multiple views, software components, Specification, tight coupling, user interface},
	isbn = {1-58113-340-5},
	doi = {10.1145/634067.634188},
	url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/634067.634188},
	author = {North,Chris and Shneiderman, Ben}
}
@conference {17101,
	title = {Dynamic queries and brushing on choropleth maps},
	booktitle = {Fifth International Conference on Information Visualisation, 2001. Proceedings},
	year = {2001},
	month = {2001///},
	pages = {757 - 764},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	abstract = {Users who must combine demographic, economic or other data in a geographic context are often hampered by the integration of tabular and map representations. Static, paper-based solutions limit the amount of data that can be placed on a single map or table. By providing an effective user interface, we believe that researchers, journalists, teachers, and students can explore complex data sets more rapidly and effectively. This paper presents Dynamaps, a generalized map-based information visualization tool for dynamic queries and brushing on choropleth maps. Users can use color coding to show a variable on each geographic region, and then filter out areas that do not meet the desired criteria. In addition, a scatterplot view and a details-on-demand window support overviews and specific fact-finding},
	keywords = {brushing, business, cartography, choropleth maps, color coding, colour graphics, complex data sets, Computational Intelligence Society, Computer science, data visualisation, Data visualization, demographic data, Demography, Dynamaps, dynamic queries, economic data, Educational institutions, geographic information system, geographic information systems, Joining processes, map representations, map-based information visualization, Query processing, Scattering, scatterplot view, tabular representations, user interface, User interfaces, World Wide Web},
	isbn = {0-7695-1195-3},
	doi = {10.1109/IV.2001.942141},
	author = {Dang,G. and North,C. and Shneiderman, Ben}
}
@conference {16156,
	title = {Therapeutic play with a storytelling robot},
	booktitle = {CHI {\textquoteright}01 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems},
	series = {CHI EA {\textquoteright}01},
	year = {2001},
	month = {2001///},
	pages = {27 - 28},
	publisher = {ACM},
	organization = {ACM},
	address = {New York, NY, USA},
	abstract = {We are developing a prototype storytelling robot for use with children in rehabilitation. Children can remotely control a furry robot by using a variety of body sensors adapted to their disability or rehabilitation goal. We believe this robot can motivate children and help them reach their therapy goals through therapeutic play, either by exercising muscles or joints (e.g. for physically challenged children) or by reflecting on the stories (e.g. for children with developmental disabilities). To develop this technology we use an innovative design methodology involving children as design partners.},
	keywords = {children, design process, rehabilitation, robot, therapeutic play, user interface},
	isbn = {1-58113-340-5},
	doi = {10.1145/634067.634088},
	url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/634067.634088},
	author = {Lathan,Corinna and Vice,Jack Maxwell and Tracey,Michael and Plaisant, Catherine and Druin, Allison and Edward,Kris and Montemayor,Jaime}
}
@conference {17361,
	title = {Snap-together visualization: a user interface for coordinating visualizations via relational schemata},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the working conference on Advanced visual interfaces},
	series = {AVI {\textquoteright}00},
	year = {2000},
	month = {2000///},
	pages = {128 - 135},
	publisher = {ACM},
	organization = {ACM},
	address = {New York, NY, USA},
	abstract = {Multiple coordinated visualizations enable users to rapidly explore complex information. However, users often need unforeseen combinations of coordinated visualizations that are appropriate for their data. Snap-Together Visualization enables data users to rapidly and dynamically mix and match visualizations and coordinations to construct custom exploration interfaces without programming. Snap{\textquoteright}s conceptual model is based on the relational database model. Users load relations into visualizations then coordinate them based on the relational joins between them. Users can create different types of coordinations such as: brushing, drill down, overview and detail view, and synchronized scrolling. Visualization developers can make their independent visualizations snap-able with a simple API.Evaluation of Snap revealed benefits, cognitive issues, and usability concerns. Data savvy users were very capable and thrilled to rapidly construct powerful coordinated visualizations. A snapped overview and detail-view coordination improved user performance by 30-80\%, depending on task.
},
	keywords = {Coordination, Information Visualization, multiple views, relational database, tight coupling, user interface, user study},
	isbn = {1-58113-252-2},
	doi = {10.1145/345513.345282},
	url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/345513.345282},
	author = {North,Chris and Shneiderman, Ben}
}
@conference {16163,
	title = {A storytelling robot for pediatric rehabilitation},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the fourth international ACM conference on Assistive technologies},
	series = {Assets {\textquoteright}00},
	year = {2000},
	month = {2000///},
	pages = {50 - 55},
	publisher = {ACM},
	organization = {ACM},
	address = {New York, NY, USA},
	keywords = {children, design process, rehabilitation, robot, therapeutic play, user interface},
	isbn = {1-58113-313-8},
	doi = {10.1145/354324.354338},
	url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/354324.354338},
	author = {Plaisant, Catherine and Druin, Allison and Lathan,Corinna and Dakhane,Kapil and Edwards,Kris and Vice,Jack Maxwell and Montemayor,Jaime}
}
@article {17231,
	title = {Incremental data structures and algorithms for dynamic query interfaces},
	journal = {ACM SIGMOD Record},
	volume = {25},
	year = {1996},
	month = {1996/12//},
	pages = {21 - 24},
	abstract = {Dynamic query interfaces (DQIs) form a recently developed method of database access that provides continuous realtime feedback to the user during the query formulation process. Previous work shows that DQIs are elegant and powerful interfaces to small databases. Unfortunately, when applied to large databases, previous DQI algorithms slow to a crawl. We present a new approach to DQI algorithms that works well with large databases.},
	keywords = {algorithm, data structure, database, direct manipulation, dynamic query, Information Visualization, user interface},
	isbn = {0163-5808},
	doi = {10.1145/245882.245891},
	url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/245882.245891},
	author = {Tanin,Egemen and Beigel,Richard and Shneiderman, Ben}
}
@conference {16204,
	title = {User controlled overviews of an image library: a case study of the visible human},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the first ACM international conference on Digital libraries},
	series = {DL {\textquoteright}96},
	year = {1996},
	month = {1996///},
	pages = {74 - 82},
	publisher = {ACM},
	organization = {ACM},
	address = {New York, NY, USA},
	keywords = {Browsing, digital library, image database, information exploration, Information retrieval, Internet, medical image, remote access, user interface, Visualization, World-wide web},
	isbn = {0-89791-830-4},
	doi = {10.1145/226931.226946},
	url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/226931.226946},
	author = {North,Chris and Shneiderman, Ben and Plaisant, Catherine}
}
@article {16922,
	title = {A Family of User Interface Consistency Checking Tools},
	journal = {Institute for Systems Research Technical Reports},
	year = {1995},
	month = {1995///},
	abstract = {Incorporating evaluation metrics with GUI development tools will help designers create consistent interfaces in the future. Complexity in design of interfaces makes efficient evaluation impossible by a single consistency checking evaluation tool. Our focus is on developing a family of evaluation tools in order to make the evaluation process less cumbersome. We have developed a dialog box typeface and color table to facilitate detection of anomalies in color, font, font size, and font style. Concordance tools have been developed to spot variant capitalization and abbreviations globally in the interface and specifically in the button widgets. As buttons are frequently used widgets, a button layout table has been created to spot any inconsistencies in height, width and relative position between a given group of buttons if present. Finally, a terminology basket tool has been created to identify unwanted synonyms of computer related terms used in the interface which may be misleading to the end user.},
	keywords = {automated metrics, concordance tools, consistency checking tools, Human-computer interaction, spatial, Systems Integration Methodology, textual evaluation tools, user interface},
	url = {http://drum.lib.umd.edu/handle/1903/5640},
	author = {Mahajan,Rohit and Shneiderman, Ben}
}
@article {17379,
	title = {Split menus: effectively using selection frequency to organize menus},
	journal = {ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction},
	volume = {1},
	year = {1994},
	month = {1994/03//},
	pages = {27 - 51},
	abstract = {When some items in a menu are selected more frequently than others, as is often the case, designers or individual users may be able to speed performance and improve preference ratings by placing several high-frequency items at the top of the menu. Design guidelines for split menus were developed and applied. Split menus were implemented and tested in two in situ usability studies and a controlled experiment. In the usability studies performance times were reduced by 17 to 58\% depending on the site and menus. In the controlled experiment split menus were significantly faster than alphabetic menus and yielded significantly higher subjective preferences. A possible resolution to the continuing debate among cognitive theorists about predicting menu selection times is  offered. We conjecture and offer evidence that, at least when selecting items from pull-down menus, a logarithmic model applies to familiar (high-frequency) items, and a linear model to unfamiliar (low-frequency) items.},
	keywords = {Human-computer interaction, menus, selection frequency, split menus, user interface},
	isbn = {1073-0516},
	doi = {10.1145/174630.174632},
	url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/174630.174632},
	author = {Sears,Andrew and Shneiderman, Ben}
}
