@conference {12479, title = {Moving vistas: Exploiting motion for describing scenes}, booktitle = {2010 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)}, year = {2010}, month = {2010/06/13/18}, pages = {1911 - 1918}, publisher = {IEEE}, organization = {IEEE}, abstract = {Scene recognition in an unconstrained setting is an open and challenging problem with wide applications. In this paper, we study the role of scene dynamics for improved representation of scenes. We subsequently propose dynamic attributes which can be augmented with spatial attributes of a scene for semantically meaningful categorization of dynamic scenes. We further explore accurate and generalizable computational models for characterizing the dynamics of unconstrained scenes. The large intra-class variation due to unconstrained settings and the complex underlying physics present challenging problems in modeling scene dynamics. Motivated by these factors, we propose using the theory of chaotic systems to capture dynamics. Due to the lack of a suitable dataset, we compiled a dataset of {\textquoteleft}in-the-wild{\textquoteright} dynamic scenes. Experimental results show that the proposed framework leads to the best classification rate among other well-known dynamic modeling techniques. We also show how these dynamic features provide a means to describe dynamic scenes with motion-attributes, which then leads to meaningful organization of the video data.}, keywords = {Application software, Automation, Chaos, chaotic system, Computational modeling, Computer vision, dynamic scene categorization, Educational institutions, HUMANS, image recognition, in the wild dynamic scene, Layout, motion attribute, natural scenes, Physics, probability, scene recognition, Snow, video data}, isbn = {978-1-4244-6984-0}, doi = {10.1109/CVPR.2010.5539864}, author = {Shroff, N. and Turaga,P. and Chellapa, Rama} } @conference {15856, title = {Replication and automation of expert judgments: Information engineering in legal e-discovery}, booktitle = {IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, 2009. SMC 2009}, year = {2009}, month = {2009/10/11/14}, pages = {102 - 107}, publisher = {IEEE}, organization = {IEEE}, abstract = {The retrieval of digital evidence responsive to discovery requests in civil litigation, known in the United States as {\~A}‚{\^A}{\textquestiondown}e-discovery,{\~A}‚{\^A}{\textquestiondown} presents several important and understudied conditions and challenges. Among the most important of these are (i) that the definition of responsiveness that governs the search effort can be learned and made explicit through effective interaction with the responding party, (ii) that the governing definition of responsiveness is generally complex, deriving both from considerations of subject-matter relevance and from considerations of litigation strategy, and (iii) that the result of the search effort is a set (rather than a ranked list) of documents, and sometimes a quite large set, that is turned over to the requesting party and that the responding party certifies to be an accurate and complete response to the request. This paper describes the design of an {\~A}‚{\^A}{\textquestiondown}interactive task{\~A}‚{\^A}{\textquestiondown} for the text retrieval conference{\textquoteright}s legal track that had the evaluation of the effectiveness of e-discovery applications at the {\~A}‚{\^A}{\textquestiondown}responsive review{\~A}‚{\^A}{\textquestiondown} task as its goal. Notable features of the 2008 interactive task were high-fidelity human-system task modeling, authority control for the definition of {\~A}‚{\^A}{\textquestiondown}responsiveness,{\~A}‚{\^A}{\textquestiondown} and relatively deep sampling for estimation of type 1 and type 2 errors (expressed as {\~A}‚{\^A}{\textquestiondown}precision{\~A}‚{\^A}{\textquestiondown} and {\~A}‚{\^A}{\textquestiondown}recall{\~A}‚{\^A}{\textquestiondown}). The paper presents a critical assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of the evaluation design from the perspectives of reliability, reusability, and cost-benefit tradeoffs.}, keywords = {authorisation, authority control, Automation, civil litigation, CYBERNETICS, Delay, digital evidence retrieval, discovery request, Educational institutions, expert judgment automation, Human computer interaction, Human-machine cooperation and systems, human-system task modeling, information engineering, Information retrieval, interactive task, Law, law administration, legal e-discovery, Legal factors, PROBES, Production, Protocols, search effort, Search methods, text analysis, text retrieval conference legal track, United States, USA Councils, User modeling}, isbn = {978-1-4244-2793-2}, doi = {10.1109/ICSMC.2009.5346118}, author = {Hedin,B. and Oard, Douglas} } @conference {18354, title = {Sikuli: using GUI screenshots for search and automation}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 22nd annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology}, series = {UIST {\textquoteright}09}, year = {2009}, month = {2009///}, pages = {183 - 192}, publisher = {ACM}, organization = {ACM}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, abstract = {We present Sikuli, a visual approach to search and automation of graphical user interfaces using screenshots. Sikuli allows users to take a screenshot of a GUI element (such as a toolbar button, icon, or dialog box) and query a help system using the screenshot instead of the element{\textquoteright}s name. Sikuli also provides a visual scripting API for automating GUI interactions, using screenshot patterns to direct mouse and keyboard events. We report a web-based user study showing that searching by screenshot is easy to learn and faster to specify than keywords. We also demonstrate several automation tasks suitable for visual scripting, such as map navigation and bus tracking, and show how visual scripting can improve interactive help systems previously proposed in the literature.}, keywords = {Automation, image search, online help}, isbn = {978-1-60558-745-5}, doi = {10.1145/1622176.1622213}, url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1622176.1622213}, author = {Tom Yeh and Chang,Tsung-Hsiang and Miller,Robert C.} } @conference {14205, title = {Bilateral symmetry of object silhouettes under perspective projection}, booktitle = {19th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, 2008. ICPR 2008}, year = {2008}, month = {2008/12/08/11}, pages = {1 - 4}, publisher = {IEEE}, organization = {IEEE}, abstract = {Symmetry is an important property of objects and is exhibited in different forms e.g., bilateral, rotational, etc. This paper presents an algorithm for computing the bilateral symmetry of silhouettes of shallow objects under perspective distortion, exploiting the invariance of the cross ratio to projective transformations. The basic idea is to use the cross ratio to compute a number of midpoints of cross sections and then fit a straight line through them. The goodness-of-fit determines the likelihood of the line to be the axis of symmetry. We analytically estimate the midpointpsilas location as a function of the vanishing point for a given object silhouette. Hence finding the symmetry axis amounts to a 2D search in the space of vanishing points. We present experiments on two datasets as well as Internet images of symmetric objects that validate our approach.}, keywords = {Automation, bilateral symmetry, Computer vision, Frequency, Image analysis, Image coding, Image reconstruction, Internet, Internet images, Object detection, object silhouettes, perspective distortion, perspective projection, SHAPE, symmetric objects}, isbn = {978-1-4244-2174-9}, doi = {10.1109/ICPR.2008.4761501}, author = {Bitsakos,K. and Yi,H. and Yi,L. and Ferm{\"u}ller, Cornelia} } @conference {14224, title = {Integration of motion fields through shape}, booktitle = {IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2005. CVPR 2005}, volume = {2}, year = {2005}, month = {2005/06/20/25}, pages = {663- 669 vol. 2 - 663- 669 vol. 2}, publisher = {IEEE}, organization = {IEEE}, abstract = {Structure from motion from single flow fields has been studied intensively, but the integration of information from multiple flow fields has not received much attention. Here we address this problem by enforcing constraints on the shape (surface normals) of the scene in view, as opposed to constraints on the structure (depth). The advantage of integrating shape is two-fold. First, we do not need to estimate feature correspondences over multiple frames, but we only need to match patches. Second, the shape vectors in the different views are related only by rotation. This constraint on shape can be combined easily with motion estimation, thus formulating motion and structure estimation from multiple views as a practical constrained minimization problem using a rank-3 constraint. Based on this constraint, we develop a 3D motion technique, which locates through color and motion segmentation, planar patches in the scene, matches patches over multiple frames, and estimates the motion between multiple frames and the shape of the selected scene patches using the image gradients. Experiments evaluate the accuracy of the 3D motion estimation and demonstrate the motion and shape estimation of the technique by super-resolving an image sequence.}, keywords = {3D motion estimation, Automation, CAMERAS, computational geometry, Computer vision, constrained minimization problem, decoupling translation from rotation, Educational institutions, image colour analysis, image gradients, image resolution, Image segmentation, image sequence, Image sequences, integration of motion fields, Layout, minimisation, Motion estimation, motion field integration, motion segmentation, parameter estimation, planar patches, rank-3 constraint, scene patches, SHAPE, shape and rotation, shape estimation, structure estimation}, isbn = {0-7695-2372-2}, doi = {10.1109/CVPR.2005.190}, author = {Ji,H. and Ferm{\"u}ller, Cornelia} } @article {13771, title = {Extrinsic Evaluation of Automatic Metrics for Summarization}, year = {2004}, month = {2004/07/20/}, institution = {Instititue for Advanced Computer Studies, Univ of Maryland, College Park}, abstract = {This paper describes extrinsic-task evaluation of summarization. We show that it is possible to save time using summaries for relevance assessment without adversely impacting the degree of accuracy that would be possible with full documents. In addition, we demonstrate that the extrinsic task we have selected exhibits a high degree of interannotator agreement, i.e., consistent relevance decisions across subjects. We also conducted a composite experiment that better reflects the actual document selection process and found that using a surrogate improves the processing speed over reading the entire document. Finally, we have found a small yet statistically significant correlation between some of the intrinsic measures and a user{\textquoteright}s performance in an extrinsic task. The overall conclusion we can draw at this point is that ROUGE-1 does correlate with precision and to a somewhat lesser degree with accuracy, but that it remains to be investigated how stable these correlations are and how differences in ROUGE-1 translate into significant differences in human performance in an extrinsic task.}, keywords = {*ABSTRACTS, *ACCURACY, *DATA SUMMARIZATION, *DOCUMENT SUMMARIES, *DOCUMENTS, *READING MACHINES, *SOFTWARE METRICS, *STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, ABSTRACT SELECTION, ANNOTATIONS, Automation, COMPUTER PROGRAMMING AND SOFTWARE, COMPUTER SYSTEMS, CORRELATION TECHNIQUES, DATA PROCESSING, DOCUMENT SUMMARIES, EXTRINSIC TASKS, Information retrieval, INFORMATION SCIENCE, PERFORMANCE(HUMAN), PRECISION, RELEVANCY, ROUGE-1 COMPUTER PROGRAM, STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY, TEST AND EVALUATION}, url = {http://stinet.dtic.mil/oai/oai?\&verb=getRecord\&metadataPrefix=html\&identifier=ADA448065}, author = {Dorr, Bonnie J and Monz,Christof and Oard, Douglas and President,Stacy and Zajic, David and Schwartz,Richard} } @conference {12034, title = {The influence of shape on image correspondence}, booktitle = {2nd International Symposium on 3D Data Processing, Visualization and Transmission, 2004. 3DPVT 2004. Proceedings}, year = {2004}, month = {2004/09/06/9}, pages = {945 - 952}, publisher = {IEEE}, organization = {IEEE}, abstract = {We examine the implications of shape on the process of finding dense correspondence and half-occlusions for a stereo pair of images. The desired property of the depth map is that it should be a piecewise continuous function which is consistent with the images and which has the minimum number of discontinuities. To zeroeth order, piecewise continuity becomes piecewise constancy. Using this approximation, we first discuss an approach for dealing with such a fronto-parallel shapeless world, and the problems involved therein. We then introduce horizontal and vertical slant to create a first order approximation to piecewise continuity. We highlight the fact that a horizontally slanted surface (ie. having depth variation in the direction of the separation of the two cameras) appears horizontally stretched in one image as compared to the other image. Thus, while corresponding two images, N pixels on a scanline in one image may correspond to a different number of pixels M in the other image, which has consequences with regard to sampling and occlusion detection. We also discuss the asymmetry between vertical and horizontal slant, and the central role of nonhorizontal edges in the context of vertical slant. Using experiments, we discuss cases where existing algorithms fail, and how the incorporation of new constraints provides correct results.}, keywords = {Automation, CAMERAS, Computational modeling, first order approximation, Geometrical optics, hidden feature removal, image sampling, Image segmentation, Layout, occlusion detection, piecewise continuous function, Pixel, SHAPE, Simulated annealing, stereo image processing, surface fitting}, isbn = {0-7695-2223-8}, doi = {10.1109/TDPVT.2004.1335418}, author = {Ogale, A. S and Aloimonos, J.} } @conference {18454, title = {Pictorial query trees for query specification in image databases}, booktitle = {Fourteenth International Conference on Pattern Recognition, 1998. Proceedings}, volume = {1}, year = {1998}, month = {1998/08//}, pages = {919-921 vol.1 - 919-921 vol.1}, publisher = {IEEE}, organization = {IEEE}, abstract = {A technique that enables specifying complex queries in image databases using pictorial query trees is presented. The leaves of a pictorial query tree correspond to individual pictorial queries that specify which objects should appear in the target images as well as how many occurrences of each object are required. In addition, the minimum required certainty of matching between query-image objects and database-image objects, as well as spatial constraints that specify bounds on the distance between objects and the relative direction between them are also specified. Internal nodes in the query tree represent logical operations (AND, OR, XOR) and their negations on the set of pictorial queries (or subtrees) represented by its children. The syntax of query trees is described. Algorithms for processing individual pictorial queries and for parsing and computing the overall result of a pictorial query tree are outlined}, keywords = {Automation, complex queries, Computer science, content-based retrieval, Database systems, database-image objects, Educational institutions, Electrical capacitance tomography, grammars, Image databases, Image matching, parsing, pictorial query trees, Postal services, query specification, query-image objects, spatial constraints, syntax, visual databases}, isbn = {0-8186-8512-3}, doi = {10.1109/ICPR.1998.711383}, author = {Soffer,A. and Samet, Hanan and Zotkin,Dmitry N} } @mastersthesis {18816, title = {Automated Manufacturability Analysis of Machined Parts}, year = {1995}, month = {1995///}, school = {UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK}, abstract = {Because of pressing demands to reduce lead time and product cost, increasing research attention is being given to integration of engineering design and manufacturing. In this thesis, a systematic approach has been developed for computer-aided manufacturability analysis of machined parts. This approach can be used during design stages to improve the product quality from the manufacturing point of view.

Evaluating the manufacturability of a proposed design involves determining whether or not it is manufacturable with a given set of manufacturing operations - and if so, then finding the associated manufacturing efficiency. In this research, the design is represented as a solid model. The tolerance and surface finish information is represented as attributes of various faces of the solid model. Machining features are used to model the available machining operations Since there can be several different ways to manufacture a proposed design, this requires considering alternative ways to manufacture it, in order to determine which one best meets the design and manufacturing objectives.

The approach developed in this thesis is based on the systematic exploration of various machining plans. The first step is to identify all machining features which can potentially be used to machine the given design. Using these features, different machining plans are generated. Each time a new plan generated, it is examined to find whether it can produce the desired design tolerances. If a plan is found to be capable of meeting the tolerance specifications, then its rating is computed. If no machining plan can be found that is capable of producing the design, then the design cannot be machined using the given set of machining operations; otherwise, the manufacturability rating of the design is computed. Since various alternative ways of machining the part are considered in this approach, the conclusions about the manufacturability are more realistic compared to the approach where just one alternative is considered.

It is anticipated that this research will help in speeding up the evaluation of new product designs in order to decide how or whether to manufacture them. Such a capability will be useful in responding quickly to changing demands and opportunities in the marketplace.}, keywords = {Automation, computer aided manufacturing, computer integrated manufacturing, Feature extraction, flexible manufacturing, manufacturability, Manufacturing, Solid modeling}, url = {http://drum.lib.umd.edu//handle/1903/5693}, author = {Gupta, Satyandra K.} } @conference {11982, title = {Global rigidity constraints in image displacement fields}, booktitle = {Proceedings of Fifth International Conference on Computer Vision, 1995}, year = {1995}, month = {1995/06/20/23}, pages = {245 - 250}, publisher = {IEEE}, organization = {IEEE}, abstract = {Image displacement fields-optical flow fields, stereo disparity fields, normal flow fields-due to rigid motion possess a global geometric structure which is independent of the scene in view. Motion vectors of certain lengths and directions are constrained to lie on the imaging surface at particular loci whose location and form depends solely on the 3D motion parameters. If optical flow fields or stereo disparity fields are considered, then equal vectors are shown to lie on conic sections. Similarly, for normal motion fields, equal vectors lie within regions whose boundaries also constitute conics. By studying various properties of these curves and regions and their relationships, a characterization of the structure of rigid motion fields is given. The goal of this paper is to introduce a concept underlying the global structure of image displacement fields. This concept gives rise to various constraints that could form the basis of algorithms for the recovery of visual information from multiple views}, keywords = {3D motion parameters, algorithms, Automation, Computer science, Computer vision, conic sections, curves, equal vectors, Fluid flow measurement, global geometric structure, global rigidity constraints, image displacement fields, Image motion analysis, Image segmentation, Image sequences, imaging surface, Laboratories, Layout, Motion estimation, Motion measurement, motion vectors, multiple views, normal flow fields, optical flow fields, regions, rigid motion, stereo disparity fields, Stereo vision, vectors, visual information recovery}, isbn = {0-8186-7042-8}, doi = {10.1109/ICCV.1995.466779}, author = {Ferm{\"u}ller, Cornelia and Aloimonos, J.} } @conference {14168, title = {Global rigidity constraints in image displacement fields}, booktitle = {, Fifth International Conference on Computer Vision, 1995. Proceedings}, year = {1995}, month = {1995/06/20/23}, pages = {245 - 250}, publisher = {IEEE}, organization = {IEEE}, abstract = {Image displacement fields-optical flow fields, stereo disparity fields, normal flow fields-due to rigid motion possess a global geometric structure which is independent of the scene in view. Motion vectors of certain lengths and directions are constrained to lie on the imaging surface at particular loci whose location and form depends solely on the 3D motion parameters. If optical flow fields or stereo disparity fields are considered, then equal vectors are shown to lie on conic sections. Similarly, for normal motion fields, equal vectors lie within regions whose boundaries also constitute conics. By studying various properties of these curves and regions and their relationships, a characterization of the structure of rigid motion fields is given. The goal of this paper is to introduce a concept underlying the global structure of image displacement fields. This concept gives rise to various constraints that could form the basis of algorithms for the recovery of visual information from multiple views}, keywords = {3D motion parameters, algorithms, Automation, Computer science, Computer vision, conic sections, curves, equal vectors, Fluid flow measurement, global geometric structure, global rigidity constraints, image displacement fields, Image motion analysis, Image segmentation, Image sequences, imaging surface, Laboratories, Layout, Motion estimation, Motion measurement, motion vectors, multiple views, normal flow fields, optical flow fields, regions, rigid motion, stereo disparity fields, Stereo vision, vectors, visual information recovery}, isbn = {0-8186-7042-8}, doi = {10.1109/ICCV.1995.466779}, author = {Ferm{\"u}ller, Cornelia and Aloimonos, J.} } @conference {14171, title = {The information in the direction of image flow}, booktitle = {, International Symposium on Computer Vision, 1995. Proceedings}, year = {1995}, month = {1995/11/21/23}, pages = {461 - 466}, publisher = {IEEE}, organization = {IEEE}, abstract = {If instead of the full motion field, we consider only the direction of the motion field due to a rigid motion, what can we say about the information regarding the three-dimensional motion? In this paper it is shown that considering as the imaging surface the whole sphere, independently of the scene in view, two different rigid motions cannot give rise to the same directional motion field. If we restrict the image to half of a sphere (or an infinitely large image plane) two different rigid motions with instantaneous translational and rotational velocities (t1, ω1) and (t2, ω2) cannot give rise to the same directional motion field unless the plane through t1 and t2 is perpendicular to the plane through ω1 and ω2 (i.e., (t1{\texttimes}t2){\textperiodcentered}(ω1 {\texttimes}ω2)=0). In addition, in order to give a practical significance to these uniqueness results for the case of a limited field of view we also characterize the locations on the image where the motion vectors due to the different motions must have different directions. If (ω1{\texttimes}ω2){\textperiodcentered}(t1 {\texttimes}t2)=0 and certain additional constraints are met, then the two rigid motions could produce motion fields with the same direction. For this to happen the depth of each corresponding surface has to be within a certain range, defined by a second and a third order surface}, keywords = {Automation, CAMERAS, Computer vision, Educational institutions, image flow, Image motion analysis, Image sequences, imaging surface, Laboratories, Layout, Motion analysis, Motion estimation, motion field, motion vectors, Optical imaging, rigid motion, rigid motions, three-dimensional motion}, isbn = {0-8186-7190-4}, doi = {10.1109/ISCV.1995.477071}, author = {Brodsky, T. and Ferm{\"u}ller, Cornelia and Aloimonos, J.} } @conference {12031, title = {Iso-distortion contours and egomotion estimation}, booktitle = {Proceedings of International Symposium on Computer Vision, 1995}, year = {1995}, month = {1995/11/21/23}, pages = {55 - 60}, publisher = {IEEE}, organization = {IEEE}, abstract = {This paper introduces the framework of iso-distortion contour to deal with the problem of depth distortion due to erroneous motion estimates, and various related aspects such as the effectiveness of the visibility constraint. The framework can also be used to inquire the uniqueness aspect of normal flow. Future work will examine the implications of the iso-distortion contours for the problem of multiple frame integration}, keywords = {Automation, Computer vision, Degradation, depth distortion, Educational institutions, egomotion estimation, Equations, erroneous motion estimates, Error analysis, HUMANS, Image sequences, iso-distortion contours, Laboratories, Layout, Motion estimation, Robustness, visibility constraint}, isbn = {0-8186-7190-4}, doi = {10.1109/ISCV.1995.476977}, author = {LoongFah Cheong and Aloimonos, J.} } @article {18833, title = {Feature Recognition for Manufacturability Analysis}, volume = {ISR; TR 1994-10}, year = {1994}, month = {1994///}, institution = {Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park}, abstract = {While automated recognition of features has been attempted for a wide range of applications, no single existing approach possesses the functionality required to perform manufacturability analysis. In this paper, we present a methodology for taking a CAD model and extracting a set of machinable features suitable for generating all alternative interpretations of the model as collections of MRSEVs (Material Removal Shape Element Volumes, a STEP-based library of machining, features). This set of MRSEVs is to be employed for manufacturability analysis. The algorithm handles a variety of features including those describing holes, pockets, slots, and chamfering and filleting operations. In addition, it considers elementary accessibility constraints for these features and is provably complete over a, significant class of machinable parts the features describe. Further, the approach has low-order polynomial-time worst-case complexity.}, keywords = {algorithms, Automation, COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN, computer aided manufacturing, computer integrated manufacturing, Feature extraction, manufacturability, Manufacturing, Solid modeling, Systems Integration}, url = {http://drum.lib.umd.edu//handle/1903/5490}, author = {Regli,W. C. and Gupta, Satyandra K. and Nau, Dana S.} } @article {18830, title = {Estimation of Achievable Tolerances}, volume = {ISR; TR 1993-44}, year = {1993}, month = {1993///}, institution = {Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park}, abstract = {This report presents a new and systematic approach to assist decision-making in selecting machining operation plans. We present a methodology to estimate achievable tolerances of operations plan. Given an operation plan, we use variety of empirical and mathematical models to evaluate process capabilities of various machining operations and compute achievable tolerances using tolerance charting techniques.}, keywords = {Automation, computer aided manufacturing, Manufacturing, Manufacturing Systems}, url = {http://drum.lib.umd.edu//handle/1903/5389}, author = {Gupta, Satyandra K. and Nau, Dana S. and Zhang,G. M.} } @conference {14174, title = {Global 3D motion estimation}, booktitle = {, 1993 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 1993. Proceedings CVPR {\textquoteright}93}, year = {1993}, month = {1993/06/15/17}, pages = {415 - 421}, publisher = {IEEE}, organization = {IEEE}, abstract = {It is shown how a monocular observer can estimate its 3D motion relative to the scene by using normal flow measurements in a global and qualitative way. It is proved that local normal flow measurements form global patterns in the image plane. The position of these patterns is related to the 3D motion parameters. By locating some of these patterns, which depend only on subsets of the motion parameters, through a simple search technique, the 3D motion parameters can be found. The proposed algorithmic procedure is very robust, since it is not affected by small perturbations in the normal flow measurements. The direction of translation and the axis of rotation can be estimated with up to 100\% error in the image measurements}, keywords = {3D motion parameters, Automation, axis of rotation, Computer vision, direction of translation, Educational institutions, Equations, Fluid flow measurement, global 3D motion estimation, Laboratories, Layout, monocular observer, Motion estimation, Motion measurement, normal flow measurements, Robustness, Rotation measurement, search problems, search technique, State estimation}, isbn = {0-8186-3880-X}, doi = {10.1109/CVPR.1993.341097}, author = {Ferm{\"u}ller, Cornelia} } @article {18854, title = {Interpreting Product Designs for Manufacturability Evaluation}, volume = {ISR; TR 1993-45}, year = {1993}, month = {1993///}, institution = {Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park}, abstract = {The ability to quickly introduce new quality products is a decisive factor in capturing market share. Because of pressing demands to reduce lead time, analyzing the manufacturability of the proposed design has become an important step in the design stage. In this paper we present an approach for evaluating the manufacturability of machined parts.

Evaluating manufacturability involves finding a way to manufacture the proposed design, and estimating the associated production cost and quality. However, there often can be several different ways to manufacture a proposed design - so to evaluate the manufacturability of the proposed design, we need to consider different ways to manufacture it, and determine which one best meets the manufacturing objectives.

In this paper we describe a methodology for systematically generating and evaluating alternative operation plans. As a first step, we identify all machining operations which can potentially be used to create the given design. Using these operations, we generate different operation plans for machining the part. Each time we generate a new operation plan, we assign it a manufacturability rating. The manufacturability rating for the design is the rating of the best operation plan.

We anticipate that by providing feedback about possible problems with the design, this work will be useful in providing a way to speed up the evaluation of new product designs in order to decide how or whether to manufacture them.}, keywords = {Automation, computer aided manufacturing, manufacturability, Manufacturing Systems}, url = {http://drum.lib.umd.edu//handle/1903/5390}, author = {Gupta, Satyandra K. and Nau, Dana S. and Zhang,G. M.} } @conference {14176, title = {Motion constraint patterns}, booktitle = {, Proceedings of IEEE Workshop on Qualitative Vision, 1993}, year = {1993}, month = {1993/06/14/}, pages = {128 - 139}, publisher = {IEEE}, organization = {IEEE}, abstract = {The problem of egomotion recovery has been treated by using as input local image motion, with the published algorithms utilizing the geometric constraint relating 2-D local image motion (optical flow, correspondence, derivatives of the image flow) to 3-D motion and structure. Since it has proved very difficult to achieve accurate input (local image motion), a lot of effort has been devoted to the development of robust techniques. A new approach to the problem of egomotion estimation is taken, based on constraints of a global nature. It is proved that local normal flow measurements form global patterns in the image plane. The position of these patterns is related to the three dimensional motion parameters. By locating some of these patterns, which depend only on subsets of the motion parameters, through a simple search technique, the 3-D motion parameters can be found. The proposed algorithmic procedure is very robust, since it is not affected by small perturbations in the normal flow measurements. As a matter of fact, since only the sign of the normal flow measurement is employed, the direction of translation and the axis of rotation can be estimated with up to 100\% error in the image measurements}, keywords = {3D motion parameters, Automation, computational geometry, Computer vision, correspondence, Educational institutions, egomotion recovery, Fluid flow measurement, geometric constraint, Geometrical optics, Image motion analysis, image plane, Laboratories, local image motion, local normal flow measurements, Motion estimation, Motion measurement, motion parameters, optical flow, Rotation measurement}, isbn = {0-8186-3692-0}, doi = {10.1109/WQV.1993.262942}, author = {Ferm{\"u}ller, Cornelia} } @article {18809, title = {A Systematic Approach for Analyzing the Manufacturability of Machined Parts}, volume = {ISR; TR 1993-76}, year = {1993}, month = {1993///}, institution = {Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park}, abstract = {The ability to quickly introduce new quality products is a decisive factor in capturing market share. Because of pressing demands to reduce lead time, analyzing the manufacturability of the proposed design has become an important step in the design stage. This paper presents an approach for analyzing the manufacturability of machined parts.

Evaluating the manufacturability of a proposed design involves determining whether or not it is manufacturable with a given set of manufacturing operations - and if so, then finding the associated manufacturing efficiency. Since there can be several different ways to manufacture a proposed design, this requires us to consider different ways to manufacture it, in order to determine which one best meets the design and manufacturing objectives.

The first step in our approach is to identify all machining operations which can potentially be used to create the given design. Using these operations, we generate different operation plans for machining the part. Each time we generate a new operation plan, we examine whether it can produce the desired shape and tolerances, and calculate its manufacturability rating. If no operation plan can be found that is capable of producing the design, then the given design is considered unmachinable; otherwise, the manufacturability rating for the design is the rating of the best operation plan.

We anticipate that by providing feedback about possible problems with the design, this work will help in speeding up the evaluation of new product designs in order to decide how or whether to manufacture them. Such a capability will be useful in responding quickly to changing demands and opportunities in the marketplace.}, keywords = {Automation, computer aided manufacturing, Feature extraction, manufacturability, Systems Integration}, url = {http://drum.lib.umd.edu//handle/1903/5420}, author = {Gupta, Satyandra K. and Nau, Dana S.} } @conference {12020, title = {Exploratory active vision: theory}, booktitle = {Proceedings of 1992 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 1992}, year = {1992}, month = {1992/06/15/18}, pages = {10 - 15}, publisher = {IEEE}, organization = {IEEE}, abstract = {An active approach to the integration of shape from x modules-here shape from shading and shape from texture-is proposed. The question of what constitutes a good motion for the active observer is addressed. Generally, the role of the visual system is to provide depth information to an autonomous robot; a trajectory module will then interpret it to determine a motion for the robot, which in turn will affect the visual information received. It is suggested that the motion can also be chosen so as to improve the performance of the visual system}, keywords = {active observer, Active shape model, active vision, Automation, autonomous robot, CAMERAS, Computer science, Computer vision, depth information, Laboratories, Layout, Mobile robots, Motion analysis, optical flow, Robots, shape from shading, shape from texture, shape from x modules, trajectory module, Visual system}, isbn = {0-8186-2855-3}, doi = {10.1109/CVPR.1992.223234}, author = {Herve,J. -Y and Aloimonos, J.} } @article {18836, title = {General of Machining Alternatives for Machinability Evaluation}, volume = {ISR; TR 1992-106}, year = {1992}, month = {1992///}, institution = {Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park}, abstract = {This paper presents a new methodology for evaluating the machinability of a machined part during the design stage of the product development cycle, so that problems related to machining can be recognized and corrected while the product is being designed. Our basic approach is to perform a systematic evaluation of machining alternatives throughout each step in the design stage. This involves three basic steps: (1) generate alternative interpretations of the design as different collections of machinable features, (2) generate the various possible sequences of machining operations capable of producing each interpretation, and (3) evaluate each operation sequence, to determine the relevant information on achievable quality and associated costs. The information provided by this analysis can be used not only to give feedback to the designer about problems that might arise with the machining, but also to provide information to the manufacturing engineer about alternative ways in which the part might be machined.}, keywords = {Automation, computer aided manufacturing, manufacturability, Manufacturing Systems}, url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1903/5287}, author = {Gupta, Satyandra K. and Nau, Dana S. and Zhang,G. M.} } @article {18840, title = {Generation and Evaluation of Alternative Operation}, volume = {ISR; TR 1992-20}, year = {1992}, month = {1992///}, institution = {Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park}, abstract = {This paper presents a new and systematic approach to assist decision-making in selecting machining operation sequences. The approach is to produce alternative interpretations of design as different collections of machinable features, use these interpretations to generate alternative machining operation sequences, and evaluate the cost and achievable machining accuracy of each operations sequence. Given the operation sequences and their evaluations, it is then possible to calculate the performance measures of interest, and use these performance measures to select, from among the various alternatives, one or more of them that can best balance the need for a quality product against the need for efficient machining.}, keywords = {Automation, computer aided manufacturing, computer integrated manufacturing, Feature extraction, flexible manufacturing, Manufacturing, Manufacturing Systems, Solid modeling}, url = {http://drum.lib.umd.edu//handle/1903/5203}, author = {Nau, Dana S. and Zhang,G. M. and Gupta, Satyandra K.} } @article {18842, title = {Generation of Machining Alternatives for Machinability Evaluation}, volume = {ISR; TR 1992-106}, year = {1992}, month = {1992///}, institution = {Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park}, abstract = {This paper presents a new methodology for evaluating the machinability of a machined part during the design stage of the product development cycle, so that problems related to machining can be recognized and corrected while the product is being designed. Our basic approach is to perform a systematic evaluation of machining alternatives throughout each step in the design stage. This involves three basic steps: (1) generate alternative interpretations of the design as different collections of machinable features, (2) generate the various possible sequences of machining operations capable of producing each interpretation, and (3) evaluate each operation sequence, to determine the relevant information on achievable quality and associated costs. The information provided by this analysis can be used not only to give feedback to the designer about problems that might arise with the machining, but also to provide information to the manufacturing engineer about alternative ways in which the part might be machined.}, keywords = {Automation, computer aided manufacturing, manufacturability, Manufacturing Systems}, url = {http://drum.lib.umd.edu//handle/1903/5287}, author = {Gupta, Satyandra K. and Nau, Dana S. and Zhang,G. M.} } @conference {14169, title = {Hierarchical curve representation}, booktitle = {, 11th IAPR International Conference on Pattern Recognition, 1992. Vol.III. Conference C: Image, Speech and Signal Analysis, Proceedings}, year = {1992}, month = {1992/09/30/Aug-3}, pages = {143 - 146}, publisher = {IEEE}, organization = {IEEE}, abstract = {Presents a robust method for describing planar curves in multiple resolution using curvature information. The method is developed by taking into account the discrete nature of digital images as well as the discrete aspect of a multiresolution structure (pyramid). The authors deal with the robustness of the technique, which is due to the additional information that is extracted from observing the behavior of corners in the pyramid. Furthermore the resulting algorithm is conceptually simple and easily parallelizable. They develop theoretical results, analyzing the curvature of continuous curves in scale-space, which show the behavior of curvature extrema under varying scale. These results are used to eliminate any ambiguities that might arise from sampling problems due to the discreteness of the representation. Finally, experimental results demonstrate the potential of the method}, keywords = {Automation, continuous curves, curvature, data mining, digital images, Educational institutions, Feature extraction, hierarchical curve representation, IMAGE PROCESSING, image recognition, image resolution, Image segmentation, multiresolution structure, Object recognition, planar curves, pyramid, Robustness, Sampling methods, Smoothing methods}, isbn = {0-8186-2920-7}, doi = {10.1109/ICPR.1992.201947}, author = {Ferm{\"u}ller, Cornelia and Kropatsch,W.} } @conference {14233, title = {Multi-resolution shape description by corners}, booktitle = {, 1992 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 1992. Proceedings CVPR {\textquoteright}92}, year = {1992}, month = {1992/06/15/18}, pages = {271 - 276}, publisher = {IEEE}, organization = {IEEE}, abstract = {A robust method for describing planar curves in multiple resolution using curvature information is presented. The method is developed by taking into account the discrete nature of digital images as well as the discrete aspect of a multiresolution structure (pyramid). The main contribution lies in the robustness of the technique, which is due to the additional information that is extracted from observing the behavior of corners in the whole pyramid. Furthermore, the resulting algorithm is conceptually simple and easily parallelizable. Theoretical results are developed analyzing the curvature of continuous curves in scale-space and showing the behavior of curvature extrema under varying scale. The results are used to eliminate any ambiguities that might arise from sampling problems due to the discreteness of the representation. Experimental results demonstrate the potential of the method}, keywords = {ambiguities, Automation, computational geometry, Computer vision, continuous curves, corners, curvature extrema, curvature information, curve fitting, digital images, Feature extraction, IMAGE PROCESSING, image resolution, Image segmentation, Laboratories, multiple resolution, multiresolution structure, parallelizable, planar curves, Robustness, Sampling methods, scale-space, SHAPE, Smoothing methods, varying scale}, isbn = {0-8186-2855-3}, doi = {10.1109/CVPR.1992.223264}, author = {Ferm{\"u}ller, Cornelia and Kropatsch,W.} } @conference {14246, title = {Perceptual computational advantages of tracking}, booktitle = {, 11th IAPR International Conference on Pattern Recognition, 1992. Vol.I. Conference A: Computer Vision and Applications, Proceedings}, year = {1992}, month = {1992/09/30/Aug-3}, pages = {599 - 602}, publisher = {IEEE}, organization = {IEEE}, abstract = {The paradigm of active vision advocates studying visual problems in the form of modules that are directly related to a visual task for observers that are active. It is argued that in many cases when an object is moving in an unrestricted manner (translation and rotation) in the 3D world only the motion{\textquoteright}s translational components are of interest. For a monocular observer, using only the normal flow-the spatiotemporal derivatives of the image intensity function-the authors solve the problem of computing the direction of translation. Their strategy uses fixation and tracking. Fixation simplifies much of the computation by placing the object at the center of the visual field, and the main advantage of tracking is the accumulation of information over time. The authors show how tracking is accomplished using normal flow measurements and use it for two different tasks in the solution process. First, it serves as a tool to compensate for the lack of existence of an optical flow field and thus to estimate the translation parallel to the image plane; and second, it gathers information about the motion component perpendicular to the image plane}, keywords = {active vision, Automation, Employment, fixation, image intensity function, Image motion analysis, IMAGE PROCESSING, Motion estimation, Nonlinear optics, Optical computing, Optical sensors, parameter estimation, pattern recognition, perceptual computational advantages, spatiotemporal derivatives, Spatiotemporal phenomena, tracking, unrestricted motion, visual flow measurements}, isbn = {0-8186-2910-X}, doi = {10.1109/ICPR.1992.201633}, author = {Ferm{\"u}ller, Cornelia and Aloimonos, J.} } @conference {11990, title = {Relative depth from motion using normal flow: an active and purposive solution}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the IEEE Workshop on Visual Motion, 1991}, year = {1991}, month = {1991/10/07/9}, pages = {196 - 204}, publisher = {IEEE}, organization = {IEEE}, abstract = {The authors show how an active observer can compute the relative depth of (stationary or moving) objects in the field of view using only the spatiotemporal derivatives of the time varying image intensity function. The solution they propose is purposive in the sense that it solves only the relative depth from motion problem and cannot be used for other problems related to motion; active in the sense that the activity of the observer is essential for the solution of the problem. Results indicate that exact computation of retinal motion does not appear to be a necessary first step for some problems related to visual motion. In addition, optic flow, whose computation is an ill-posed problem, is related to the motion of the scene only under very restrictive assumptions. As a result, the use of optic flow in some quantitative motion analysis studies is questionable}, keywords = {3D information, Automation, Computer vision, Educational institutions, Image motion analysis, image recognition, Image sequences, Laboratories, Layout, Motion analysis, Motion estimation, Nonlinear optics, normal flow, optic flow, Optical computing, Optical sensors, relative depth, retinal motion, spatiotemporal derivatives, time varying image intensity function, visual motion}, isbn = {0-8186-2153-2}, doi = {10.1109/WVM.1991.212807}, author = {Huang, Liuqing and Aloimonos, J.} } @conference {11960, title = {Purposive and qualitative active vision}, booktitle = {Proceedings of 10th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, 1990}, volume = {i}, year = {1990}, month = {1990/06/16/21}, pages = {346-360 vol.1 - 346-360 vol.1}, publisher = {IEEE}, organization = {IEEE}, abstract = {The traditional view of the problem of computer vision as a recovery problem is questioned, and the paradigm of purposive-qualitative vision is offered as an alternative. This paradigm considers vision as a general recognition problem (recognition of objects, patterns or situations). To demonstrate the usefulness of the framework, the design of the Medusa of CVL is described. It is noted that this machine can perform complex visual tasks without reconstructing the world. If it is provided with intentions, knowledge of the environment, and planning capabilities, it can perform highly sophisticated navigational tasks. It is explained why the traditional structure from motion problem cannot be solved in some cases and why there is reason to be pessimistic about the optimal performance of a structure from motion module. New directions for future research on this problem in the recovery paradigm, e.g., research on stability or robustness, are suggested}, keywords = {active vision, Automation, brain models, complex visual tasks, Computer vision, environmental knowledge, highly sophisticated navigational tasks, HUMANS, Image reconstruction, intentions, Kinetic theory, Laboratories, Medusa, Motion analysis, Navigation, planning, planning (artificial intelligence), purposive-qualitative vision, recovery problem, Robust stability, Robustness, SHAPE, stability}, isbn = {0-8186-2062-5}, doi = {10.1109/ICPR.1990.118128}, author = {Aloimonos, J.} } @conference {11974, title = {Optimal motion estimation}, booktitle = {Workshop on Visual Motion, 1989.,Proceedings}, year = {1989}, month = {1989/03/20/22}, pages = {229 - 237}, publisher = {IEEE}, organization = {IEEE}, abstract = {The problem of using feature correspondences to recover the structure and 3D motion of a moving object from its successive images is analyzed. They formulate the problem as a quadratic minimization problem with a nonlinear constraint. Then they derive the condition for the solution to be optimal under the assumption of Gaussian noise in the input, in the maximum-likelihood-principle sense. The authors present two efficient ways to approximate it and discuss some inherent limitations of the structure-from-motion problem when two frames are used that should be taken into account in robotics applications that involve dynamic imagery. Finally, it is shown that some of the difficulties inherent in the two-frame approach disappear when redundancy in the data is introduced. This is concluded from experiments using a structure-from-motion algorithm that is based on multiple frames and uses only the rigidity assumption}, keywords = {3D motion interpretation, Automation, Computer vision, computerised pattern recognition, computerised picture processing, constraint minimization, dynamic imagery, Educational institutions, feature correspondences, Gaussian noise, Image motion analysis, Laboratories, maximum-likelihood-principle, Minimization methods, Motion analysis, Motion estimation, motion parameters, moving object, multiple frames, nonlinear constraint, Optical computing, optimal motion estimation, parameter estimation, quadratic minimization, quadratic programming, redundancy, rigidity assumption, robotics applications, structure-from-motion, successive images, two-frame}, isbn = {0-8186-1903-1}, doi = {10.1109/WVM.1989.47114}, author = {Spetsakis, M. E and Aloimonos, J.} } @conference {11957, title = {Optimal Computing Of Structure From Motion Using Point Correspondences In Two Frames}, booktitle = {Proceedings of Second International Conference on Computer Vision}, year = {1988}, month = {1988/12/05/8}, pages = {449 - 453}, publisher = {IEEE}, organization = {IEEE}, keywords = {Automation, Computer vision, Educational institutions, Gaussian noise, Image motion analysis, Laboratories, Least squares approximation, Least squares methods, Motion estimation, Optical computing}, isbn = {0-8186-0883-8}, doi = {10.1109/CCV.1988.590022}, author = {Spetsakis, M. E and Aloimonos, J.} } @conference {12024, title = {Determining three dimensional transformation parameters from images: Theory}, booktitle = {1987 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation. Proceedings}, volume = {4}, year = {1987}, month = {1987/03//}, pages = {57 - 61}, publisher = {IEEE}, organization = {IEEE}, abstract = {We present a theory for the determination of the three dimensional transformation parameters of an object, from its images. The input to this process is the image intensity function and its temporal derivative. In particular, our results are: 1) If the structure of the transforming object in view is known, then the transformation parameters are determined from the solution of a linear system. Rigid motion is a special ease of our theory. 2)If the structure of the object in view is not known, then both the structure and transformation parameters may be computed through a hill climbing or simulated annealing algorithm.}, keywords = {Automation, Computational modeling, Educational institutions, Image motion analysis, Indium tin oxide, Linear systems, Motion estimation, Optical computing, Robots, Simulated annealing}, doi = {10.1109/ROBOT.1987.1088011}, author = {Ito, E. and Aloimonos, J.} } @article {17160, title = {Fighting for the User.}, journal = {Bulletin of the American Society for Information ScienceBulletin of the American Society for Information Science}, volume = {9}, year = {1982}, month = {1982///}, pages = {27 - 29}, abstract = {Redesign of human-computer interface for users of computerized information systems can make substantial difference in training time, performance speed, error rates, and user satisfaction. Information and computer scientists are using controlled psychologically oriented experimentation, and evaluations during system development and active use to test design impact on human performance measures. (EJS)}, keywords = {Automation, design, Formative Evaluation, Human Factors Engineering, Information systems, Input Output Devices, Man Machine Systems, Online Systems, performance, Summative Evaluation, Systems Development, Technological Advancement}, url = {http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/detail?accno=EJ276739}, author = {Shneiderman, Ben} }