@article {19039,
	title = {Pioneer: verifying code integrity and enforcing untampered code execution on legacy systems},
	journal = {ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review},
	volume = {39},
	year = {2005},
	month = {2005},
	pages = {1 - 16},
	abstract = {We propose a primitive, called Pioneer, as a first step towards verifiable code execution on untrusted legacy hosts. Pioneer does not require any hardware support such as secure co-processors or CPU-architecture extensions. We implement Pioneer on an Intel Pentium IV Xeon processor. Pioneer can be used as a basic building block to build security systems. We demonstrate this by building a kernel rootkit detector.},
	keywords = {dynamic root of trust, rootkit detection, self-check-summing code, software-based code attestation, verifiable code execution},
	isbn = {0163-5980},
	url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1095809.1095812},
	author = {Seshadri, Arvind and Luk, Mark and Elaine Shi and Perrig, Adrian and van Doorn, Leendert and Khosla, Pradeep}
}
