@conference {18447,
	title = {Understanding IV \&amp; V in a safety critical and complex evolutionary environment: the NASA space shuttle program},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Software Engineering},
	series = {ICSE {\textquoteright}01},
	year = {2001},
	month = {2001///},
	pages = {349 - 357},
	publisher = {IEEE Computer Society},
	organization = {IEEE Computer Society},
	address = {Washington, DC, USA},
	abstract = {The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is an internationally recognized leader in space science and exploration. NASA recognizes the inherent risk associated with space exploration; however, NASA makes every reasonable effort to minimize that risk. To that end for the Space Shuttle program NASA instituted a software independent verification and validation (IV\&V) process in 1988 to ensure that the Shuttle and its crew are not exposed to any unnecessary risks. Using data provided by both the Shuttle software developer and the IV\&V contractor, in this paper we describe the overall IV\&V process as used on the Space Shuttle program and provide an analysis of the use of metrics to document and control this process. Our findings reaffirm the value of IV\&V and show the impact IV\&V has on multiple releases of a large complex software system.},
	keywords = {Evolutionary software, Life and mission critical software, metrics, Process characterization, Software independent verification and validation, Software safety and reliability, Space Shuttle program},
	isbn = {0-7695-1050-7},
	url = {http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=381473.381510},
	author = {Zelkowitz, Marvin V and Rus,Ioana}
}
