@conference {18266,
	title = {Resistance of orthogonal Gaussian fingerprints to collusion attacks},
	booktitle = {Multimedia and Expo, 2003. ICME {\textquoteright}03. Proceedings. 2003 International Conference on},
	volume = {1},
	year = {2003},
	month = {2003/07//},
	pages = {I - 617-20 vol.1 - I - 617-20 vol.1},
	abstract = {Digital fingerprinting is a means to offer protection to digital data by which fingerprints embedded in the multimedia are capable of identifying unauthorized use of digital content. A powerful attack that can be employed to reduce this tracing capability is collusion. In this paper, we study the collusion resistance of a fingerprinting system employing Gaussian distributed fingerprints and orthogonal modulation. We propose a likelihood-based approach to estimate the number of colluders, and introduce the thresholding detector for colluder identification. We first analyze the collusion resistance of a system to the average attack by considering the probability of a false negative and the probability of a false positive when identifying colluders. Lower and upper bounds for the maximum number of colluders K<sub>max</sub> are derived. We then show that the detectors are robust to different attacks. We further study different sets of performance criteria.},
	keywords = {approach;, attacks;, capability;, collusion, data, data;, digital, distributed, embedded, fingerprinting;, fingerprints;, Gaussian, likelihood-based, modulation;, multimedia, of, orthogonal, probability;, processes;, protection;, Security, systems;, tracing},
	doi = {10.1109/ICME.2003.1220993},
	author = {Wang,Z.J. and M. Wu and Zhao,Hong and Liu,K. J.R and Trappe,W.}
}
