@article {18232,
	title = {Joint coding and embedding for collusion-resistant fingerprinting},
	journal = {Proceedings of the European Signal Processing Conference, EUSIPCO},
	year = {2002},
	month = {2002///},
	abstract = {An effective attack against fingerprints for multimedia is collusion,where several differently marked copies of the same content are av-
eraged or combined to disrupt the underlying fingerprint. In this
paper, we investigate the problem of designing fingerprints that can
withstand collusion and allow for the identification of colluders. We
begin by introducing the collusion problem for additive embedding,
and introduce an efficient detection algorithm for orthogonal mod-
ulation that identifies the fingerprints associated with K colluders
and requires O(K log(n/K)) correlations for a group of n users.
We present a construction of collusion-resistant fingerprints based
upon anti-collusion codes (ACC) and binary code modulation. Us-
ing ACC, we build fingerprints that identify groups of K or less
colluders. We present a construction of binary-valued ACC un-
der the logical AND operation using the theory of combinatorial
designs. Our code construction requires only O(√n) orthogonal
signals to accommodate n users. We demonstrate the performance
of our ACC for fingerprinting multimedia and identifying colluders
through experiments using Gaussian signals.
},
	author = {Trappe,W. and Wu,M. and Liu,K. J.R}
}
